Linnemann Amelia K, Krawetz Stephen A
The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics.
Gene Ther Mol Biol. 2009;13(1):231-243.
The ordered packaging of DNA within the nucleus of somatic cells reflects a dynamic supportive structure that facilitates stable transcription interrupted by intermittent cycles of extreme condensation. This dynamic mode of packing and unpacking chromatin is intimately linked to the ability of the genome to specifically complex with both histones and non-histone proteins. Understanding the underlying mechanism that governs the formation of higher order chromatin structures is a key to understanding how local architecture modulates transcription. In part, the formation of these structures appears to be regulated through genomic looping that is dynamically mediated by attachment to the nuclear scaffold/matrix at S/MARs, i.e., Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Regions. Although the mechanism guiding the formation and use of these higher-ordered structures remains unknown, S/MARs continue to reveal a multitude of roles in development and the pathogenesis of disease.
体细胞细胞核内DNA的有序包装反映了一种动态支持结构，这种结构有助于稳定转录，且转录会被极端压缩的间歇性循环打断。这种染色质包装与解包的动态模式与基因组与组蛋白和非组蛋白特异性结合的能力密切相关。理解控制高阶染色质结构形成的潜在机制是理解局部结构如何调节转录的关键。部分而言，这些结构的形成似乎是通过基因组环化来调节的，基因组环化由在S/MARs（即支架/基质附着区域）处附着于核支架/基质动态介导。尽管指导这些高阶结构形成和使用的机制仍然未知，但S/MARs在发育和疾病发病机制中继续发挥着多种作用。
