Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2010 Oct;80(4):586-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01063.x.
Early posttraumatic psychiatric disorders have not been well studied in disaster workers. This study examined the rates of probable acute stress disorder (ASD), probable depression, increased tobacco use, and their associated risk factors in 9/11 World Trade Center disaster workers. Surveys were obtained from 90 disaster workers (e.g., medical personnel, police, firefighters, search and rescue) 2-3 weeks after 9/11. Nearly 15% of disaster workers had probable ASD and 26% had probable depression. Probable ASD and depression were highly related to functional impairment. The risk for ASD was increased for those with 9/11-specific disaster exposures, more pre-9/11 trauma exposures, and the peritraumatic dissociative symptom of altered sense of time. Disaster workers who were younger, non-White, or who had increasing numbers of peritraumatic dissociative symptoms were more likely to have probable depression. More than half of tobacco users increased their tobacco use after 9/11. Additionally, all tobacco users with probable ASD and almost all tobacco users with probable depression increased tobacco use. Rapid mobilization of resources for early screening and intervention and health promotion campaigns aimed at improving adverse health-related behaviors may be helpful for this high-risk group.
早期创伤后精神障碍在灾难工作者中研究不足。本研究调查了 9/11 世界贸易中心灾难工作者中急性应激障碍（ASD）、抑郁、增加吸烟的可能性及其相关危险因素的发生率。在 9/11 后 2-3 周，对 90 名灾难工作者（如医务人员、警察、消防员、搜救人员）进行了调查。近 15%的灾难工作者有急性 ASD，26%有抑郁。ASD 和抑郁的可能性与功能障碍高度相关。对有 9/11 特定灾难暴露、更多 9/11 前创伤暴露以及创伤时改变时间感的分离症状的人来说，ASD 的风险增加。年龄较小、非白人或创伤时分离症状增多的灾难工作者更有可能患抑郁。9/11 后，超过一半的吸烟者增加了吸烟量。此外，所有患有 ASD 的吸烟者和几乎所有患有抑郁的吸烟者都增加了吸烟量。快速动员资源进行早期筛查和干预以及健康促进运动，以改善不良健康相关行为，可能对这一高风险群体有帮助。
