Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA.
Microb Biotechnol. 2010 Sep;3(5):531-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00193.x.
The composition and activities of microbes from diverse habitats have been the focus of intense research during the past decade with this research being spurred on largely by advances in molecular biology and genomic technologies. In recent years environmental microbiology has entered very firmly into the age of the 'omics' – (meta)genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics – with probably others on the rise. Microbes are essential participants in all biogeochemical processes on our planet, and the practical applications of what we are learning from the use of molecular approaches has altered how we view biological systems. In addition, there is considerable potential to use information about uncultured microbes in biodiscovery research as microbes provide a rich source of discovery for novel genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways. This review explores the brief history of genomic and metagenomic approaches to study environmental microbial assemblages and describes some of the future challenges involved in broadening our approaches – leading to new insights for understanding environmental problems and enabling biodiscovery research.
在过去的十年中，微生物的组成和活性一直是密集研究的焦点，这主要得益于分子生物学和基因组技术的进步。近年来，环境微生物学已经非常坚定地进入了“组学”时代——（宏）基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、转录组学——可能还有其他的正在兴起。微生物是我们星球上所有生物地球化学过程的重要参与者，我们从分子方法的应用中获得的知识的实际应用改变了我们看待生物系统的方式。此外，利用未培养微生物的信息进行生物发现研究具有很大的潜力，因为微生物为发现新基因、酶和代谢途径提供了丰富的来源。本综述探讨了基因组和宏基因组方法研究环境微生物组合的简要历史，并描述了在拓宽我们的方法方面所涉及的一些未来挑战——为理解环境问题提供新的见解，并使生物发现研究成为可能。
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