Laboratory of Microbiology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Evolutionary Genomics Group, Departamento de Produccíon Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Alicante, Spain.
Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, Brazil.
Trends Microbiol. 2018 Nov;26(11):955-965. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.015. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Advances brought about by omics-based approaches have revolutionized our understanding of the diversity and ecological processes involving marine archaea, bacteria, and their viruses. This broad review discusses recent examples of how genomics, metagenomics, and ecogenomics have been applied to reveal the ecology of these biological entities. Three major topics are covered in this revision: (i) the novel roles of microorganisms in ecosystem processes; (ii) virus-host associations; and (iii) ecological associations of microeukaryotes and other microbes. We also briefly comment on the discovery of novel taxa from marine ecosystems; development of a robust taxonomic framework for prokaryotes; breakthroughs on the diversity and ecology of cyanobacteria; and advances on ecological modelling. We conclude by discussing limitations of the field and suggesting directions for future research.
基于组学的方法的进展彻底改变了我们对海洋古菌、细菌及其病毒的多样性和生态过程的认识。本综述讨论了基因组学、宏基因组学和生态基因组学如何应用于揭示这些生物实体的生态学的最新实例。本次修订涵盖了三个主要主题：(i) 微生物在生态系统过程中的新作用；(ii) 病毒-宿主的相互作用；(iii) 微真核生物和其他微生物的生态关联。我们还简要讨论了海洋生态系统中新发现的分类群；为原核生物建立一个健全的分类框架；蓝藻多样性和生态学的突破；以及生态建模的进展。最后，我们讨论了该领域的局限性，并提出了未来研究的方向。
