Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Jan 30;412(3-4):217-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.10.002. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
Researchers have long acknowledged that changes in genes or gene activity lead to cancer. However, it was difficult to understand the function of such specific genes and their interaction in communication networks and the roles played by their protein products in molecular pathways. Protein molecules have direct influences on the development of cancer as it fundamentally arises due to aberrant signaling pathways. Identifying and understanding these changes is the primary theme of cancer proteomics, also termed as oncoproteomics. The ultimate objective of oncoproteomics is to acclimatize proteomic technologies for regular use in clinical laboratories for the purpose of diagnostic and prognostic categorization of disease condition, as well as in assessing drug toxicity and efficiency. Information gained from such technologies may soon exert a spectacular change in cancer research and impact dramatically on the care of cancer patients. Investigations of tumor-specific proteomic profiles may also allow better understanding of tumor development and the identification of novel targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we have tried to offer a wide perspective on recent progresses in proteomic research strategies, their applications in the discovery of novel tumor markers and drug targets and their role in illustrating action mechanisms of biomarkers and anticancer drugs including drug resistance.
研究人员早就认识到，基因或基因活性的变化会导致癌症。然而，很难理解这些特定基因的功能及其在通信网络中的相互作用，以及它们的蛋白质产物在分子途径中所扮演的角色。蛋白质分子对癌症的发展有直接影响，因为癌症本质上是由于异常的信号通路引起的。鉴定和理解这些变化是癌症蛋白质组学（也称为癌蛋白质组学）的主要主题。癌蛋白质组学的最终目标是使蛋白质组学技术适应在临床实验室中的常规使用，以便对疾病状况进行诊断和预后分类，以及评估药物毒性和效率。从这些技术中获得的信息可能很快会在癌症研究中产生显著变化，并对癌症患者的护理产生重大影响。对肿瘤特异性蛋白质组图谱的研究也可能有助于更好地了解肿瘤的发展，并确定癌症治疗的新靶点。在这篇综述中，我们试图提供一个广泛的视角，介绍蛋白质组学研究策略的最新进展，它们在发现新型肿瘤标志物和药物靶点方面的应用，以及它们在说明生物标志物和抗癌药物（包括耐药性）的作用机制方面的作用。
