Recent advances in clinical oncoproteomics.

Oncoproteomics is the application of proteomic technologies in cancer. Considerable progress has been made during the past decade in the refinement of proteomic technologies and their application for understanding the disease's pathological mechanisms, discovery of biomarkers and diagnosis. Proteomics has been applied in anticancer drug discovery and for personalized management of cancer. Proteins can be identified from the blood or directly from the tumor tissue by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and tissue microarrays. Protein biochips can be used for diagnosis as well as monitoring in clinical trials. Nanobiotechnology has refined the use of proteomics and nanoproteomics and has improved most current protocols including protein purification/display and automated identification of protein traces in minute samples. Due to some limitations, proteomics alone is not enough to provide a complete picture of cancer. Other "-omics" technologies such as genomics are used in integrated approaches. Proteomic studies through light tumor invasiveness and drug resistance. Examples of applications of oncoproteomics are given for cancers of various organs such as the brain, breast, colon and rectum, prostate, and leukemia. In conclusion, proteomics will play an important role in diagnosing cancer and developing personalized treatment of cancer.