Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry at Guy's, King's College London, London, UK.
J Psychosom Res. 2010 Nov;69(5):491-501. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.04.005. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
Hot flushes and night sweats (HF/NS) are commonly experienced by mid-aged women during the menopause transition. They affect approximately 70% of women but are regarded as problematic for 15-20% largely due to physical discomfort, distress, social embarrassment, and sleep disturbance. There is a need for effective and acceptable nonmedical treatments for menopausal symptoms due to the declining use of hormone therapy (HT) following publication of the Women's Health Initiative and other prospective studies which associated HT use with increased risk of stroke and breast cancer. HF/NS are an example of a physiological process embedded within, and moderated by, psychological processes, as evidenced by discrepancies between subjective experiences and physiologically measured symptoms. We describe a cognitive model of menopausal hot flushes that can explain symptom perception, cognitive appraisal, and behavioral reactions to symptoms. Theoretically, the model draws on symptom perception theory, self-regulation theory, and cognitive behavioral theories. The model can be used to identify the variables to target in psychological interventions for HF/NS and to aid understanding of possible mediating factors. As part of Phase II intervention development, we describe a cognitive behavioral treatment which links the bio-psycho-social processes specified in the model to components of the intervention.
热潮和盗汗（HF/NS）是中年女性在更年期过渡期间常见的问题。它们影响大约 70%的女性，但由于身体不适、痛苦、社交尴尬和睡眠障碍，有 15-20%的女性认为这是个问题。由于 Women's Health Initiative 和其他前瞻性研究发表后，激素治疗（HT）的使用下降，并且与 HT 使用与中风和乳腺癌风险增加相关，因此需要有效的和可接受的非医学治疗更年期症状。HF/NS 是一个生理过程嵌入并受心理过程调节的例子，这一点可以从主观体验和生理测量的症状之间的差异中得到证明。我们描述了一个更年期热潮的认知模型，该模型可以解释症状感知、认知评价和对症状的行为反应。从理论上讲，该模型借鉴了症状感知理论、自我调节理论和认知行为理论。该模型可用于确定心理干预热潮和盗汗的目标变量，并有助于了解可能的中介因素。作为第二阶段干预措施开发的一部分，我们描述了一种认知行为治疗方法，该方法将模型中指定的生物心理社会过程与干预措施的组成部分联系起来。
