Cogn Neuropsychol. 2002 May 1;19(3):207-44. doi: 10.1080/02643290143000141.
We describe the reading performance of a patient who has selective deficits for reading nonwords, function words, and morphologically complex words in isolation. His reading of highly abstract nouns and verbs, however, is relatively well preserved. He can recognise and comprehend the meaning of written function words, of derivational morphology, and of most inflectional morphology. We suggest that his deficit in reading grammatical morphemes is unrelated to his problems in reading nonwords and cannot be explained by their low semanticity and imageability. The patient's speech is ungrammatical but is not devoid of grammatical morphemes and his reading of functional elements improves when these are presented within the context of sentences. We argue that syntactic information relevant to individual lexical items including information about how the word may potentially be used within a phrase must be accessed during single word reading tasks (e.g., Levelt, 1989). This is particularly difficult for function words due to their linguistic specification, which is different from that of lexical categories (Chomsky, 1995). Both linguistic theory and Garrett's (e.g., 1982) model of sentence processing account for the patient's improved reading of function words in the context of sentences.
我们描述了一位患者的阅读表现,他在阅读孤立的非词、功能词和形态复杂词时存在选择性缺陷。然而,他对高度抽象的名词和动词的阅读相对较好。他能够识别和理解书面功能词、派生形态和大多数屈折形态的含义。我们认为,他在阅读语法词素方面的缺陷与他阅读非词的问题无关,也不能用它们的低语义性和形象性来解释。患者的言语不合语法,但并非没有语法词素,当这些词素在句子的上下文中呈现时,他对功能元素的阅读能力会提高。我们认为,与单个词汇项目相关的句法信息,包括关于该词在短语中可能如何使用的信息,在单个单词阅读任务中必须被访问(例如,Levelt,1989)。由于功能词的语言指定与词汇类别不同(Chomsky,1995),因此这对功能词来说尤其困难。语言理论和加勒特的句子处理模型(例如,1982)都解释了患者在句子上下文中阅读功能词能力的提高。