Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
Waste Manag. 2011 Mar;31(3):411-5. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.09.020. Epub 2010 Oct 20.
In this paper, the evolution of organic matter (OM) during composting of different mixtures of various organic wastes was assessed by means of chemical analyses and CPMAS (13)C NMR spectroscopy measured during composting. The trends of temperatures and C/N ratios supported the correct evolution of the processes. The CPMAS (13)C NMR spectra of all composting substrates indicated a reduction in carbohydrates and an increase in aromatic, phenolic, carboxylic and carbonylic C which suggested a preference by microorganisms for easily degradable C molecules. The presence of hardly degradable pine needles in one of the substrates accounted for the lowest increase in alkyl C and the lowest reduction in carbohydrates and carboxyl C as opposite to another substrate characterized by the presence of a highly degradable material such as spent yeast from beer production, which showed the highest increase of the alkyl C/O-alkyl C ratio. The highest increase of COOH deriving by the oxidative degradation of cellulose was shown by a substrate composed by about 50% of plant residues. The smallest increases in alkyl C/O-alkyl C ratio and in polysaccharides were associated to the degradation of proteins and lipids which are major components of sewage sludge. Results obtained were related to the different composition of fresh organic substrates and provided evidence of different OM evolution patterns as a function of the initial substrate composition.
本文通过化学分析和堆肥过程中测量的 CP/MAS（13）C NMR 光谱，评估了不同有机废物混合物在堆肥过程中有机物（OM）的演变。温度和 C/N 比的趋势支持了过程的正确演变。所有堆肥基质的 CP/MAS（13）C NMR 光谱表明，碳水化合物减少，芳族、酚类、羧酸和羰基 C 增加，这表明微生物偏爱易降解的 C 分子。在其中一种基质中存在难以降解的松树针叶，导致烷基 C 增加最少，碳水化合物和羧基 C 减少最少，而另一种基质的特点是存在高度可降解的物质，如啤酒生产中用过的酵母，烷基 C/O-烷基 C 比值增加最大。由纤维素氧化降解产生的最高量的 COOH 是由约 50%的植物残渣组成的基质显示的。烷基 C/O-烷基 C 比值和多糖增加最小与蛋白质和脂质的降解有关，蛋白质和脂质是污水污泥的主要成分。所得结果与新鲜有机基质的不同组成有关，并证明了 OM 演变模式随初始基质组成的不同而不同。
