Torres-Climent A, Gomis P, Martín-Mata J, Bustamante M A, Marhuenda-Egea F C, Pérez-Murcia M D, Pérez-Espinosa A, Paredes C, Moral R
Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
PLoS One. 2015 Sep 29;10(9):e0138925. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138925. eCollection 2015.
The objective of this work was to study the co-composting process of wastes from the winery and distillery industry with animal manures, using the classical chemical methods traditionally used in composting studies together with advanced instrumental methods (thermal analysis, FT-IR and CPMAS 13C NMR techniques), to evaluate the development of the process and the quality of the end-products obtained. For this, three piles were elaborated by the turning composting system, using as raw materials winery-distillery wastes (grape marc and exhausted grape marc) and animal manures (cattle manure and poultry manure). The classical analytical methods showed a suitable development of the process in all the piles, but these techniques were ineffective to study the humification process during the composting of this type of materials. However, their combination with the advanced instrumental techniques clearly provided more information regarding the turnover of the organic matter pools during the composting process of these materials. Thermal analysis allowed to estimate the degradability of the remaining material and to assess qualitatively the rate of OM stabilization and recalcitrant C in the compost samples, based on the energy required to achieve the same mass losses. FT-IR spectra mainly showed variations between piles and time of sampling in the bands associated to complex organic compounds (mainly at 1420 and 1540 cm-1) and to nitrate and inorganic components (at 875 and 1384 cm-1, respectively), indicating composted material stability and maturity; while CPMAS 13C NMR provided semi-quantitatively partition of C compounds and structures during the process, being especially interesting their variation to evaluate the biotransformation of each C pool, especially in the comparison of recalcitrant C vs labile C pools, such as Alkyl /O-Alkyl ratio.
这项工作的目的是研究酿酒和蒸馏行业的废弃物与动物粪便的共堆肥过程，采用堆肥研究中传统使用的经典化学方法以及先进的仪器方法（热分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱法和交叉极化魔角旋转13C核磁共振技术），以评估该过程的进展情况以及所获得的最终产品的质量。为此，通过翻堆式堆肥系统制作了三堆堆肥，使用酿酒和蒸馏废弃物（葡萄皮渣和废弃葡萄皮渣）以及动物粪便（牛粪和鸡粪）作为原材料。经典分析方法表明所有堆肥的过程进展适宜，但这些技术在研究此类材料堆肥过程中的腐殖化过程时效果不佳。然而，将它们与先进的仪器技术相结合，显然能提供更多关于这些材料堆肥过程中有机物质库周转的信息。热分析能够根据达到相同质量损失所需的能量，估算剩余材料的降解性，并定性评估堆肥样品中有机物的稳定速率和难降解碳含量。傅里叶变换红外光谱主要显示了与复杂有机化合物（主要在1420和1540 cm-1处）以及硝酸盐和无机成分（分别在875和1384 cm-1处）相关的波段在堆与堆之间以及采样时间上的变化，表明堆肥材料的稳定性和成熟度；而交叉极化魔角旋转13C核磁共振在此过程中提供了碳化合物和结构的半定量分配，特别有趣的是其变化可用于评估每个碳库的生物转化，尤其是在比较难降解碳与易降解碳库时，例如烷基/O-烷基比。
