Portt Liam, Norman Grant, Clapp Caitlin, Greenwood Matthew, Greenwood Michael T
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Ontario, Canada.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jan;1813(1):238-59. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.10.010. Epub 2010 Oct 20.
Type I programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is critical for cellular self-destruction for a variety of processes such as development or the prevention of oncogenic transformation. Alternative forms, including type II (autophagy) and type III (necrotic) represent the other major types of PCD that also serve to trigger cell death. PCD must be tightly controlled since disregulated cell death is involved in the development of a large number of different pathologies. To counter the multitude of processes that are capable of triggering death, cells have devised a large number of cellular processes that serve to prevent inappropriate or premature PCD. These cell survival strategies involve a myriad of coordinated and systematic physiological and genetic changes that serve to ward off death. Here we will discuss the different strategies that are used to prevent cell death and focus on illustrating that although anti-apoptosis and cellular survival serve to counteract PCD, they are nevertheless mechanistically distinct from the processes that regulate cell death.
I型程序性细胞死亡（PCD）或凋亡对于多种过程（如发育或预防致癌转化）中的细胞自我破坏至关重要。其他形式，包括II型（自噬）和III型（坏死），代表了PCD的其他主要类型，它们也用于触发细胞死亡。PCD必须受到严格控制，因为细胞死亡失调与大量不同病理的发展有关。为了应对能够触发死亡的众多过程，细胞设计了大量细胞过程来防止不适当或过早的PCD。这些细胞存活策略涉及无数协调和系统的生理和基因变化，以抵御死亡。在这里，我们将讨论用于防止细胞死亡的不同策略，并着重说明尽管抗凋亡和细胞存活用于对抗PCD，但它们在机制上与调节细胞死亡的过程截然不同。
