Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Hum Pathol. 2011 Mar;42(3):303-14. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.06.003. Epub 2010 Oct 20.
The histologic distinction between reactive processes and malignant neoplasms and between low-grade and high-grade tumors is not always straightforward and is sometimes extremely challenging. This is especially the case when the diagnostic material is a small biopsy specimen or a cytology specimen with scant cellularity. In addition, suboptimal processing and crush artifact may limit accurate diagnosis. A reliable diagnostic biomarker that preferentially highlights malignant processes and high-grade tumors would be very valuable in segregating these entities from reactive processes and low-grade lesions. Recent extensive studies have shown that an oncoprotein, insulin like-growth factor II messenger RNA binding protein-3, is not only a prognostic biomarker but also a diagnostic molecule. This review focuses on discussing the value of insulin like-growth factor II messenger RNA binding protein-3 in diagnostic pathology, with a focus on utilization of insulin like-growth factor II messenger RNA binding protein-3 in the discrimination of benign effusions from malignant effusions, malignant mesothelioma from mesothelial hyperplasia, carcinoids from high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, low-grade dysplasia from high-grade dysplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma from hepatic adenoma, cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic pancreatic ductal carcinoma from benign bile duct lesions, melanoma from nevi, and follicular thyroid carcinoma from follicular adenoma of the thyroid, as well as examining insulin like-growth factor II messenger RNA binding protein-3 expression in lymphomas of germinal center origin.
在反应性过程和恶性肿瘤之间，以及在低级别和高级别肿瘤之间的组织学区别并不总是直接的，有时甚至极具挑战性。当诊断材料是小的活检标本或细胞数量稀少的细胞学标本时，尤其如此。此外，处理不当和压碎伪影可能会限制准确诊断。一种可靠的诊断生物标志物，如果能优先突出恶性过程和高级别肿瘤，将非常有助于将这些实体与反应性过程和低级别病变区分开来。最近的广泛研究表明，一种癌蛋白，胰岛素样生长因子 II 信使 RNA 结合蛋白-3，不仅是一种预后生物标志物，也是一种诊断分子。这篇综述重点讨论了胰岛素样生长因子 II 信使 RNA 结合蛋白-3在诊断病理学中的价值，重点讨论了胰岛素样生长因子 II 信使 RNA 结合蛋白-3在区分良性积液与恶性积液、恶性间皮瘤与间皮增生、类癌与高级别神经内分泌癌、低级别异型增生与高级别异型增生、肝细胞癌与肝腺瘤、胆管癌和转移性胰腺导管癌与良性胆管病变、黑色素瘤与痣以及滤泡性甲状腺癌与甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤中的应用，同时还检查了生发中心起源的淋巴瘤中胰岛素样生长因子 II 信使 RNA 结合蛋白-3的表达。
