U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Dec 1;409(1):100-11. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.018.
Concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals and endocrine disruption in fish were determined in 11 lakes across Minnesota that represent a range of trophic conditions and land uses (urban, agricultural, residential, and forested) and in which wastewater treatment plant discharges were absent. Water, sediment, and passive polar organic integrative samplers (POCIS) were analyzed for steroidal hormones, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, and other organic and inorganic molecular tracers to evaluate potential non-point source inputs into the lakes. Resident fish from the lakes were collected, and caged male fathead minnows were deployed to evaluate endocrine disruption, as indicated by the biological endpoints of plasma vitellogenin and gonadal histology. Endocrine disrupting chemicals, including bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, estrone, and 4-nonylphenol were detected in 90% of the lakes at part per trillion concentrations. Endocrine disruption was observed in caged fathead minnows and resident fish in 90% of the lakes. The widespread but variable occurrence of anthropogenic chemicals in the lakes and endocrine disruption in fish indicates that potential sources are diverse, not limited to wastewater treatment plant discharges, and not entirely predictable based on trophic status and land use.
在明尼苏达州的 11 个湖泊中，检测了内分泌干扰化学物质的浓度和鱼类中的内分泌干扰情况，这些湖泊代表了一系列的营养条件和土地利用类型（城市、农业、住宅和森林），并且没有污水处理厂的排放。对水、沉积物和被动极性有机整合采样器（POCIS）进行了分析，以检测甾体激素、烷基酚、双酚 A 以及其他有机和无机分子示踪剂，以评估潜在的非点源输入到湖泊中的情况。从这些湖泊中收集了居住的鱼类，并部署了笼养的雄性黑头呆鱼，以评估内分泌干扰情况，这是通过血浆卵黄蛋白原和性腺组织学的生物学终点来评估的。在 90%的湖泊中，以万亿分之一的浓度检测到内分泌干扰化学物质，包括双酚 A、17β-雌二醇、雌酮和 4-壬基酚。在 90%的湖泊中，笼养的黑头呆鱼和居住的鱼类都观察到了内分泌干扰。湖泊中广泛存在但变化不定的人为化学物质和鱼类中的内分泌干扰表明，潜在的来源多种多样，不仅限于污水处理厂的排放，并且不完全可以根据营养状况和土地利用来预测。
