Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, UCB 354, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Jun;103(3-4):213-21. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.02.007. Epub 2011 Feb 18.
Adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to effluent from the City of Boulder, Colorado wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) under controlled conditions in the field to determine if the effluent induced reproductive disruption in fish. Gonadal intersex and other evidence of reproductive disruption were previously identified in white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) in Boulder Creek downstream from this WWTP effluent outfall. Fish were exposed within a mobile flow-through exposure laboratory in July 2005 and August 2006 to WWTP effluent (EFF), Boulder Creek water (REF), or mixtures of EFF and REF for up to 28 days. Primary (sperm abundance) and secondary (nuptial tubercles and dorsal fat pads) sex characteristics were demasculinized within 14 days of exposure to 50% and 100% EFF. Vitellogenin was maximally elevated in both 50% and 100% EFF treatments within 7 days and significantly elevated by 25% EFF within 14 days. The steroidal estrogens 17β-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol, as well as estrogenic alkylphenols and bisphenol A were identified within the EFF treatments and not in the REF treatment. These results support the hypothesis that the reproductive disruption observed in this watershed is due to endocrine-active chemicals in the WWTP effluent.
成年雄性黑头呆鱼（Pimephales promelas）在科罗拉多州博尔德市的受控条件下暴露于废水处理厂（WWTP）的废水下，以确定废水是否会导致鱼类生殖障碍。此前，在博尔德溪下游的这座 WWTP 出水口，已经发现白鲑（Catostomus commersoni）出现了性腺间性和其他生殖障碍的证据。2005 年 7 月和 2006 年 8 月，鱼在一个移动的流动实验室中暴露于 WWTP 废水（EFF）、博尔德溪水（REF）或 EFF 和 REF 的混合物中，最长达 28 天。暴露于 50%和 100% EFF 后，14 天内主要（精子数量）和次要（婚垫和背脂垫）性别特征被去雄性化。50%和 100% EFF 处理中的卵黄蛋白原在 7 天内达到最大值，并在 14 天内被 25% EFF 显著升高。17β-雌二醇、雌酮、雌三醇和 17α-乙炔雌二醇以及雌激素性烷基酚和双酚 A 等甾体雌激素，以及雌激素性烷基酚和双酚 A 都在 EFF 处理中被识别出来，而在 REF 处理中则没有。这些结果支持了这样的假设，即在这个流域观察到的生殖障碍是由于 WWTP 废水中的内分泌活性化学物质造成的。
