Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2010 Dec;14(12):534-41. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.09.007.
One important cause of very low attainment in arithmetic (dyscalculia) seems to be a core deficit in an inherited foundational capacity for numbers. According to one set of hypotheses, arithmetic ability is built on an inherited system responsible for representing approximate numerosity. One account holds that this is supported by a system for representing exactly a small number (less than or equal to four4) of individual objects. In these approaches, the core deficit in dyscalculia lies in either of these systems. An alternative proposal holds that the deficit lies in an inherited system for sets of objects and operations on them (numerosity coding) on which arithmetic is built. I argue that a deficit in numerosity coding, not in the approximate number system or the small number system, is responsible for dyscalculia. Nevertheless, critical tests should involve both longitudinal studies and intervention, and these have yet to be carried out.
有一种重要的原因导致算术（计算障碍）极低的表现，似乎是一种对数字的遗传基础能力的核心缺陷。根据一组假设，算术能力是建立在一个负责表示近似数量的遗传系统上的。有一种观点认为，这是由一个系统支持的，该系统用于准确表示一小部分（小于或等于四）个单独的对象。在这些方法中，计算障碍的核心缺陷在于这两个系统中的任何一个。另一种提议认为，缺陷在于一个用于对象集合和对它们的操作（数量编码）的遗传系统，而算术是建立在这个系统之上的。我认为，数量编码的缺陷，而不是近似数量系统或小数字系统，是导致计算障碍的原因。然而，关键的测试应该包括纵向研究和干预，而这些还没有进行。
