Department of Work Physiology and Ergonomics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2010;23(3):255-65. doi: 10.2478/v10001-010-0030-7.
The aim of the study was to find out which occupational factors account for the risk of the myocardial infarction.
A questionnaire survey was performed during the period of one calendar year in all patients (1053 subjects, 692 men and 361 women) hospitalized at the Medical University of Łódź because of the first myocardial infarction. The questionnaire was prepared especially for the purpose of this study and consisted of two parts. The first part comprised: demographic data, health status at admittance, traditional risk factors for the ischaemic heart disease and was filled-in by physicians. Part II was done by occupational hygiene specialists and referred to education, job title and characteristics, employment data, self assessment of work-related and general stress, fatigue, socio-economic status, physical activity, alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, dietary habits.
Mean age in the study group was 59.9 ± 10.4 years (26-85 years), 58.7 ± 10.0 (26-84 years) for men and 62.3 ± 10.7 (32-85 years) for women, employment duration was 32.9±8.8 (4-65 years), for men 34.0 ± 8.6 (5-65 years), for women 30.7 ± 8.8 (4-60 years. Most of myocardial infarction cases both in the group of men and women were noted in the age interval 56-60 years, 22.3% vs. 17.4%, respectively. The majority of examined men were farmers, low and middle management and self-employed workers. Among women prevailed clerks, seamstresses and farmers. The most frequent occupational risk factors were: work-related stress, experienced by 54.2% of the examined subjects, occupational noise (45,5%), dust (41,7%) and various chemical factors (33%). A majority of the study group (76.5% women and 54.4% men) linked the cardiac infarction with stress, while 39.1% men vs. 16.5% women correlated it with physical effort.
Our studies indicate that, among a wide spectrum of occupational factors, stress, noise and fine particulate dust are major contributors to the increased risk of myocardial infarction.
本研究旨在探讨哪些职业因素会增加心肌梗死的风险。
在一个日历年内，对因首次心肌梗死而在罗兹医科大学住院的所有患者（1053 名患者，692 名男性和 361 名女性）进行了问卷调查。该问卷是专门为本研究编制的，分为两部分。第一部分包括：人口统计学数据、入院时的健康状况、缺血性心脏病的传统危险因素，并由医生填写。第二部分由职业卫生专家填写，涉及教育程度、职称和特征、就业数据、自我评估工作相关和一般压力、疲劳、社会经济地位、体力活动、酒精摄入、吸烟、饮食习惯。
研究组的平均年龄为 59.9 ± 10.4 岁（26-85 岁），男性为 58.7 ± 10.0（26-84 岁），女性为 62.3 ± 10.7（32-85 岁），就业年限为 32.9±8.8（4-65 岁），男性为 34.0 ± 8.6（5-65 岁），女性为 30.7 ± 8.8（4-60 岁）。男性和女性的心肌梗死病例大多发生在 56-60 岁年龄组，分别为 22.3%和 17.4%。大多数接受检查的男性是农民、低中管理层和个体经营者。女性中，文员、裁缝和农民居多。最常见的职业危险因素是：工作相关压力，54.2%的被检查者经历过，职业噪声（45.5%）、粉尘（41.7%）和各种化学因素（33%）。大多数研究组（76.5%的女性和 54.4%的男性）将心肌梗死与压力联系起来，而 39.1%的男性与 16.5%的女性将其与体力劳动联系起来。
我们的研究表明，在广泛的职业因素中，压力、噪声和细颗粒物是增加心肌梗死风险的主要因素。
