Decordier Ilse, Mateuca Raluca, Kirsch-Volders Micheline
Laboratorium voor Cellulaire Genetica, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;691:115-36. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-849-2_7.
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay has since many years been applied for in vitro genotoxicity testing and biomonitoring of human populations. The standard in vitro/ex vivo micronucleus test is usually performed on human lymphocytes and has become a comprehensive method to assess genetic damage, cytostasis, and cytotoxicity. The predictive association between the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes and cancer risk has recently been demonstrated. MN frequencies can be influenced by inherited (or acquired) genetic polymorphisms (or mutations) in genes responsible for the metabolic activation, detoxification of clastogens, and for the fidelity of DNA replication. An important advantage of the CBMN assay is its ability to detect both clastogenic and aneugenic events by centromere and kinetochore identification and contributes to the high sensitivity of the method. The objective of the present chapter is to review the mechanisms of induction of micronuclei, the method of the micronucleus assay and its combination with centromeric labeling in the FISH technique. Furthermore, an overview is given of recent results obtained by our laboratory by the application of the micronucleus assay.
多年来，胞质分裂阻滞微核（CBMN）试验一直用于体外遗传毒性测试和人群生物监测。标准的体外/体内微核试验通常在人淋巴细胞上进行，已成为评估遗传损伤、细胞生长停滞和细胞毒性的综合方法。最近已证明胞质分裂阻滞淋巴细胞中的微核（MN）频率与癌症风险之间存在预测关联。MN频率可能受负责代谢活化、致断裂剂解毒以及DNA复制保真度的基因中遗传（或获得性）基因多态性（或突变）的影响。CBMN试验的一个重要优点是能够通过着丝粒和动粒鉴定检测断裂剂和非整倍体事件，这有助于提高该方法的灵敏度。本章的目的是综述微核诱导机制、微核试验方法及其与荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术中的着丝粒标记相结合的方法。此外，还概述了我们实验室应用微核试验获得的最新结果。
