Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3171 Research Blvd., Dayton, OH 45420, USA.
Osteoporos Int. 2011 Aug;22(8):2295-305. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1458-0. Epub 2010 Oct 26.
This longitudinal study examined how calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures change during childhood while taking into account skeletal maturation, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. The study reported sex differences in QUS growth curves and an inverse relationship between BMI and speed of sound (SOS) measures.
The aim of this study was to examine how calcaneal QUS parameters change over time during childhood and to determine what factors influence these changes.
The study sample consisted of a total of 192 Caucasian children participating in the Fels Longitudinal Study. A total of 548 calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and SOS observations were obtained between the ages of 7.6 and 18 years. The best fitting growth curves were determined using statistical methods for linear mixed effect models.
There are significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS parameters (p < 0.05). The relationship between QUS measures and skeletal age is best described by a cubic growth curve in boys and a linear pattern among girls. Boys experience their most rapid growth in BUA and SOS in early and late adolescence, while girls experience constant growth throughout childhood. Adiposity levels were significantly associated with the changes in SOS among boys (p < 0.001) and girls (p < 0.01), indicating that children with higher BMI are likely to have lower SOS over time compared to children with lower BMI. For girls, physical activity levels showed positive associations with changes in QUS measures (p < 0.05).
This study documents significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS measures over childhood and adolescence. Our study also shows significant influences of adiposity and physical activity on the pattern of change in QUS measures during childhood.
本纵向研究考察了在考虑骨骼成熟度、体重指数 (BMI) 和身体活动的情况下，跟骨定量超声 (QUS) 测量值在儿童期的变化情况。该研究报告了 QUS 生长曲线存在性别差异，以及 BMI 与声速 (SOS) 测量值之间存在反比关系。
本研究旨在考察跟骨 QUS 参数在儿童期随时间的变化情况，并确定哪些因素会影响这些变化。
研究样本由总共 192 名参与 Fels 纵向研究的白种人儿童组成。在 7.6 至 18 岁之间共获得了 548 次跟骨宽带超声衰减 (BUA) 和 SOS 观察值。使用线性混合效应模型的统计方法确定最佳拟合生长曲线。
在 QUS 参数的变化模式方面存在显著的性别差异 (p<0.05)。在男孩中，QUS 测量值与骨骼年龄之间的关系最好用三次生长曲线来描述，而在女孩中则用线性模式来描述。男孩在青春期早期和晚期经历 BUA 和 SOS 的快速增长，而女孩在整个儿童期则经历持续增长。在男孩 (p<0.001) 和女孩 (p<0.01) 中，体脂水平与 SOS 的变化显著相关，这表明与 BMI 较低的儿童相比，BMI 较高的儿童的 SOS 随时间推移而降低的可能性更大。对于女孩，身体活动水平与 QUS 测量值的变化呈正相关 (p<0.05)。
本研究记录了在儿童和青少年时期，QUS 测量值的变化模式存在显著的性别差异。我们的研究还表明，肥胖和身体活动对儿童时期 QUS 测量值变化模式有显著影响。
