University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Salata 12, Zagreb, Croatia.
J Anat. 2010 Oct;217(4):381-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01284.x.
In the adult human telencephalon, subcortical (gyral) white matter contains a special population of interstitial neurons considered to be surviving descendants of fetal subplate neurons [Kostovic & Rakic (1980) Cytology and the time of origin of interstitial neurons in the white matter in infant and adult human and monkey telencephalon. J Neurocytol9, 219]. We designate this population of cells as superficial (gyral) interstitial neurons and describe their morphology and distribution in the postnatal and adult human cerebrum. Human fetal subplate neurons cannot be regarded as interstitial, because the subplate zone is an essential part of the fetal cortex, the major site of synaptogenesis and the 'waiting' compartment for growing cortical afferents, and contains both projection neurons and interneurons with distinct input-output connectivity. However, although the subplate zone is a transient fetal structure, many subplate neurons survive postnatally as superficial (gyral) interstitial neurons. The fetal white matter is represented by the intermediate zone and well-defined deep periventricular tracts of growing axons, such as the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, internal and external capsule, and the fountainhead of the corona radiata. These tracts gradually occupy the territory of transient fetal subventricular and ventricular zones.The human fetal white matter also contains distinct populations of deep fetal interstitial neurons, which, by virtue of their location, morphology, molecular phenotypes and advanced level of dendritic maturation, remain distinct from subplate neurons and neurons in adjacent structures (e.g. basal ganglia, basal forebrain). We describe the morphological, histochemical (nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase) and immunocytochemical (neuron-specific nuclear protein, microtubule-associated protein-2, calbindin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y) features of both deep fetal interstitial neurons and deep (periventricular) interstitial neurons in the postnatal and adult deep cerebral white matter (i.e. corpus callosum, anterior commissure, internal and external capsule and the corona radiata/centrum semiovale). Although these deep interstitial neurons are poorly developed or absent in the brains of rodents, they represent a prominent feature of the significantly enlarged white matter of human and non-human primate brains.
在成人大脑的皮质下（脑回）白质中，存在着一种特殊的间质神经元群体，被认为是胎儿基板神经元的存活后代[Kostovic & Rakic（1980）《婴儿和成人及猴大脑皮质下白质中间质神经元的细胞发生和起源时间》。神经细胞学杂志 9, 219]。我们将这群细胞命名为浅层（脑回）间质神经元，并描述了它们在出生后和成人大脑中的形态和分布。人类胎儿基板神经元不能被视为间质神经元，因为基板带是胎儿皮质的重要组成部分，是突触发生的主要部位，也是皮质传入的“等待”区，包含具有独特输入-输出连接的投射神经元和中间神经元。然而，尽管基板带是一个短暂的胎儿结构，但许多基板神经元在出生后作为浅层（脑回）间质神经元存活下来。胎儿白质由中间带和明确的深部室管膜下生长轴突组成，如胼胝体、前连合、内囊和外囊，以及放射冠的源头。这些束逐渐占据了短暂的胎儿室管膜下和脑室区的区域。人类胎儿白质还包含明显的深部胎儿间质神经元群体，由于其位置、形态、分子表型和树突成熟程度较高，与基板神经元和相邻结构（如基底节、基底前脑）的神经元明显不同。我们描述了出生后和成人深部脑白质（即胼胝体、前连合、内囊和外囊以及放射冠/半卵圆中心）中深部胎儿间质神经元和深部（室管膜下）间质神经元的形态学、组织化学（烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸二氢酶）和免疫细胞化学（神经元特异性核蛋白、微管相关蛋白-2、钙结合蛋白、钙视网膜蛋白、神经肽 Y）特征。尽管这些深部间质神经元在啮齿动物的大脑中发育不良或不存在，但它们是人类和非人类灵长类动物大脑中显著增大的白质的一个显著特征。
