Murphy Kathryn M, Monteiro Leanne
McMaster Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2024 Sep 30;18:1427515. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1427515. eCollection 2024.
The human primary visual cortex (V1) development is pivotal to understanding cortical maturation and neuroplasticity. Theories on V1 development range from early maturation models, which emphasize the early peak of synapses in infancy, to those suggesting an extended developmental timeline where key plasticity mechanisms continue to mature well into adulthood. Classic histological approaches have supported early development, while recent molecular studies highlight prolonged or multiple windows of plasticity, indicating that V1 remains susceptible to experience-dependent modifications beyond childhood. This review consolidates findings from both anatomical and molecular studies, tracing the development of V1 from prenatal stages through aging. The evidence reveals that human V1 develops across multiple timescales, with some aspects maturing early and others gradually changing across the lifespan. Reflecting on Cajal's early work, this review underscores the importance of methodological advancements in revealing the intricate details of V1's development.
人类初级视觉皮层（V1）的发育对于理解皮层成熟和神经可塑性至关重要。关于V1发育的理论范围广泛，从强调婴儿期突触早期峰值的早期成熟模型，到认为存在延长的发育时间表，即关键可塑性机制持续成熟直至成年期的模型。经典的组织学方法支持早期发育，而最近的分子研究则强调可塑性的延长或多个窗口期，表明V1在儿童期之后仍易受经验依赖性修饰的影响。本综述整合了解剖学和分子研究的结果，追溯了V1从产前阶段到衰老的发育过程。证据表明，人类V1在多个时间尺度上发育，有些方面早期成熟，而其他方面则在整个生命周期中逐渐变化。回顾卡哈尔的早期工作，本综述强调了方法学进步在揭示V1发育复杂细节方面的重要性。
