Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
J Nutr. 2010 Dec;140(12):2221-6. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.120717. Epub 2010 Oct 27.
Evidence suggests that New Zealand (NZ) children are mildly zinc deficient and may respond to dietary change. A 20-wk randomized intervention trial was therefore conducted to determine whether an increased intake of red meat or consumption of a fortified manufactured toddler milk drink (FTMD, fortified with zinc and other micronutrients) would increase dietary zinc intakes and improve the biochemical zinc status of 12- to 20-mo-old NZ toddlers. Toddlers were randomized to a red meat intervention (n = 90), FTMD intervention (n = 45), or nonfortified milk placebo (n = 90). Study foods were provided. Adherence was assessed via monthly 7-d meat or milk recording diaries. Hair and serum zinc concentrations, and length and weight were measured at baseline and postintervention. Nutrient intakes were assessed via 3-d weighed food records at baseline, wk 4, and wk 18. At baseline, 38% of participants had low serum zinc concentrations despite seemingly adequate dietary zinc intakes (<4% below the Estimated Average Requirement). Dietary zinc intakes significantly increased by 0.8 mg/d (95% CI: 0.5, 1.1) in the meat group and 0.7 mg/d (95% CI: 0.2, 1.1) in the FTMD group compared with a decrease of -0.5 (95% CI: -0.8, -0.2) mg/d in the placebo group. No corresponding increases in serum or hair zinc concentrations were observed. Dietary zinc intakes achievable via interventions based on red meat or a FTMD are unlikely to improve biochemical zinc status in NZ toddlers. These results also question cutoffs used to define zinc deficiency in toddlers.
有证据表明，新西兰（NZ）儿童有轻微的锌缺乏症，可能会对饮食变化做出反应。因此，进行了一项为期 20 周的随机干预试验，以确定增加摄入红肉或食用强化制造的幼儿牛奶饮料（FTMD，富含锌和其他微量营养素）是否会增加饮食中的锌摄入量，并改善 12 至 20 个月大的 NZ 幼儿的生化锌状况。幼儿被随机分配到红肉干预组（n = 90）、FTMD 干预组（n = 45）或非强化牛奶安慰剂组（n = 90）。提供研究食品。通过每月一次的 7 天肉类或牛奶记录日记来评估依从性。在基线和干预后测量头发和血清锌浓度以及长度和体重。通过 3 天称重食物记录在基线、第 4 周和第 18 周评估营养素摄入量。在基线时，尽管膳食锌摄入量似乎充足（低于估计平均需求量的 4%以下），但仍有 38%的参与者血清锌浓度较低。与安慰剂组相比，肉类组的膳食锌摄入量增加了 0.8 毫克/天（95%置信区间：0.5，1.1），FTMD 组增加了 0.7 毫克/天（95%置信区间：0.2，1.1），而安慰剂组减少了 0.5 毫克/天（95%置信区间：0.8，-0.2）。未观察到血清或头发锌浓度相应增加。通过基于红肉或 FTMD 的干预措施实现的膳食锌摄入量不太可能改善 NZ 幼儿的生化锌状况。这些结果也对用于定义幼儿锌缺乏症的切点提出了质疑。
