Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Biostatistics Unit, Dean's Office, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Eur J Nutr. 2020 Apr;59(3):909-919. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01950-5. Epub 2019 Mar 30.
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of consuming iodine-fortified toddler milk for improving dietary iodine intakes and biochemical iodine status in toddlers.
In a 20-week parallel randomised controlled trial, healthy 12-20-month-old children were assigned to: Fortified Milk [n = 45; iodine-fortified (21.1 µg iodine/100 g prepared drink) cow's milk], or Non-Fortified Milk (n = 90; non-fortified cow's milk). Food and nutrient intakes were assessed with 3-day weighed food records at baseline, and weeks 4 and 20. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured at baseline and 20 weeks.
At baseline, toddlers' median milk intake was 429 g/day. There was no evidence that milk intakes changed within or between the groups during the intervention. Toddlers' baseline geometric mean iodine intake was 46.9 µg/day, and the median UIC of 43 µg/L in the Fortified Milk group and 55 µg/L in the Non-Fortified Milk group indicated moderate and mild iodine deficiency, respectively, with this difference due to chance. During the intervention, iodine intakes increased by 136% (p < 0.001) and UIC increased by 85 µg/L (p < 0.001) in the Fortified Milk group compared to the Non-Fortified Milk group. The 20-week median UIC was 91 µg/L in the Fortified Milk group and 49 µg/L in the Non-Fortified Milk group.
Consumption of ≈ 1.7 cups of iodine-fortified toddler milk per day for 20 weeks can increase dietary iodine intakes and UIC in healthy iodine-deficient toddlers. This strategy alone is unlikely to provide sufficient intake to ensure adequate iodine status in toddlers at risk of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency.
我们旨在评估食用强化幼儿牛奶对改善幼儿膳食碘摄入量和生化碘状况的有效性。
在一项为期 20 周的平行随机对照试验中，将 12-20 月龄健康儿童分为：强化牛奶组（n=45；碘强化（21.1μg 碘/100g 配制饮料）牛奶）和非强化牛奶组（n=90；非强化牛奶）。在基线、第 4 周和第 20 周，通过 3 天称重食物记录评估食物和营养素摄入量。在基线和第 20 周测量尿碘浓度（UIC）。
在基线时，幼儿的牛奶摄入量中位数为 429g/天。在干预期间，各组内或组间的牛奶摄入量均无变化。幼儿的基线碘摄入量中位数为 46.9μg/天，强化牛奶组的 UIC 中位数为 43μg/L，非强化牛奶组的 UIC 中位数为 55μg/L，分别表明存在中度和轻度碘缺乏，这种差异是偶然的。在干预期间，与非强化牛奶组相比，强化牛奶组的碘摄入量增加了 136%（p<0.001），UIC 增加了 85μg/L（p<0.001）。强化牛奶组 20 周时的 UIC 中位数为 91μg/L，非强化牛奶组为 49μg/L。
每天饮用约 1.7 杯强化幼儿牛奶 20 周可增加健康碘缺乏幼儿的膳食碘摄入量和 UIC。仅靠这种策略不太可能为有轻度至中度碘缺乏风险的幼儿提供足够的摄入量以确保其碘状况充足。
