Kohjiro M, Miyake J, Koga K, Miyamoto K, Fukutome T
Department of Anesthesiology, Kyushu Welfare and Pension Hospital, Kitakyushu.
Masui. 1990 Dec;39(12):1664-8.
A new benzodiazepine-type drug, midazolam, was administered intramuscularly as a premedicant to 155 patients aged from 16 to 81 years with ASA status 1 or 2. The hypnotic action and the effect on the upper airway tract of midazolam were evaluated. Hypnosis appeared 5 minutes after the administration of midazolam, reached its plateau after 20 minutes and started to decline after 30 minutes. The hypnotic effect showed dose-dependent increase in doses ranging from 0.05 to 0.20 mg.kg-1. No age-dependent differences in hypnosis were observed except for teenage group which showed stronger hypnosis than the other age groups. There was no problem on the upper airway tract for all age groups at the dosage of 0.05 mg.kg-1, but in the patients over 40 years increasing dosage tended to obstruct the upper airway tract. Along with the appearance of hypnosis, cough and breath holding, suggesting retention and aspiration of saliva, were observed. The appropriate dosage of midazolam for premedication was considered to be 0.05 mg.kg-1.
一种新型苯二氮䓬类药物咪达唑仑，作为术前用药对155例年龄在16至81岁、ASA分级为1或2级的患者进行肌肉注射。评估了咪达唑仑的催眠作用及其对上呼吸道的影响。咪达唑仑给药后5分钟出现催眠作用，20分钟后达到高峰，30分钟后开始下降。催眠效果在0.05至0.20mg·kg-1剂量范围内呈剂量依赖性增加。除青少年组催眠作用比其他年龄组更强外，未观察到催眠作用存在年龄依赖性差异。在0.05mg·kg-1剂量时，所有年龄组的上呼吸道均无问题，但40岁以上患者增加剂量时往往会阻塞上呼吸道。随着催眠作用的出现，观察到咳嗽和屏气，提示有唾液潴留和误吸。认为咪达唑仑术前用药的合适剂量为0.05mg·kg-1。
