Analysis of biogenic amines and their metabolites in biological tissues and fluids by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NICIMS).

GC-NICIMS has been employed in the analysis of biogenic amines and their metabolites in human urine and human, bovine and porcine aqueous and vitreous humour. Several new chemical derivatization procedures have been developed in order to analyse these compounds. Concentrations of octopamines and synephrines were determined in urine from treated and untreated hypertensive subjects and normotensive individuals; there were no significant differences in concentrations of these metabolites between these groups. Human urine contained several dihydroxy-phenylethylamines which have not been reported as natural metabolites before and also 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine in relatively large amounts. Aqueous and vitreous humour contained very low quantities of noradrenaline, tyramine and dopamine but measurements were inconsistent because sometimes the levels were below the limits of detection. Metabolites of a number of biogenic amines were readily detected in aqueous and vitreous humour.