Krieger R, Blewett C, Edmiston S, Fong H, Gibbons D, Meinders D, O'Connell L, Ross J, Schneider F, Spencer J
California Department of Food and Agriculture, Worker Health and Safety Branch, Sacramento 94271-0001.
Med Lav. 1990 Nov-Dec;81(6):474-9.
Agricultural workers acquire pesticide exposures as a function of the properties of the product, crop, and work task. Mixer/Loaders and Applicators have greater exposure potential than other workers since concentrated formulations are handled during preparation and application of spray mixes. Exposures can be estimated using passive dosimetry and biological monitoring. Measured exposures are invariably less than estimates derived from surrogate data due to a series of conservative "worst case" assumptions and exposure estimates derived from small portions of the work day. Data have also been collected to estimate the exposure potentials of harvesters. We are establishing a set of empirical transfer factors (cm2/h) that can be used to estimate daily harvester exposure (transfer factor x dislodgeable foliar residue x hours). These estimates are important to current efforts to establish exposure-based reentry intervals to protect against acute and chronic toxicity.
农业工人接触农药的情况取决于产品、作物和工作任务的特性。混合/装载工和施药员比其他工人有更大的接触可能性，因为在喷雾混合液的配制和施用过程中会处理浓缩制剂。可以使用被动剂量测定法和生物监测来估算接触量。由于一系列保守的“最坏情况”假设以及从工作日的一小部分得出的接触量估计值，实测接触量总是低于从替代数据得出的估计值。还收集了数据来估算收割工人的接触可能性。我们正在建立一组经验转移因子（平方厘米/小时），可用于估算收割工人的每日接触量（转移因子×可去除叶面残留量×小时数）。这些估计值对于当前确定基于接触量的重新进入间隔以预防急性和慢性毒性的努力非常重要。
