Fountain J W, Bale S J, Housman D E, Dracopoli N C
Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Cancer Surv. 1990;9(4):645-71.
The goal of genetic analysis of malignant melanoma is to identify genes involved in the transformation of melanocytes and melanoma tumour progression. Three basic approaches have been used to analyze tumour progression in melanoma, and these include: (1) performing genetic linkage analysis on familial melanoma to identify the chromosomal location of genes which predispose individuals to melanoma; (2) examining tumours cytogenetically to identify frequently rearranged regions of the genome which presumably mark the location of genes involved in the evolution of melanoma; and (3) screening melanomas, using molecular techniques, to identify mutated oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes that play crucial roles in melanoma development. These studies provide strong evidence that genes on chromosomes 1, 6, 7 and 9 are involved in the aetiology of human melanoma.
恶性黑色素瘤基因分析的目标是识别参与黑素细胞转化和黑色素瘤肿瘤进展的基因。已采用三种基本方法来分析黑色素瘤的肿瘤进展，这些方法包括：（1）对家族性黑色素瘤进行基因连锁分析，以确定使个体易患黑色素瘤的基因的染色体位置；（2）对肿瘤进行细胞遗传学检查，以识别基因组中频繁重排的区域，这些区域可能标记了参与黑色素瘤演变的基因的位置；（3）使用分子技术筛选黑色素瘤，以识别在黑色素瘤发展中起关键作用的突变癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因。这些研究提供了强有力的证据，表明1号、6号、7号和9号染色体上的基因参与了人类黑色素瘤的病因学。
