Malmstrom P M, Biale R
Twin Services for Multiple Birth Families, Berkeley, California.
Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1990;39(4):507-14. doi: 10.1017/s0001566000003755.
Over 80,000 multiple birth babies are born each year in the U.S. Their families must cope with a constellation of complex physical and psychosocial challenges, which jeopardizes their health and functioning. The demands of twin pregnancy and the parenting of twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets or more puts these families at disproportionately high risk for infant mortality, birth defects, child abuse, substance abuse, financial problems and marital problems. Health and social service resources must be developed to alleviate the stresses associated with multiple birth and to empower parents to cope well. Guidelines for policies, parent education, professional training and service delivery developed for the California Department of Health Service, Maternal and Child Health Branch, are here offered for the consideration of policy makers and public health planners.
美国每年有超过8万名多胞胎婴儿出生。他们的家庭必须应对一系列复杂的身体和心理社会挑战，这危及他们的健康和生活机能。双胞胎、三胞胎、四胞胎、五胞胎或更多胞胎的怀孕需求以及养育这些孩子的压力，使这些家庭面临婴儿死亡率、出生缺陷、虐待儿童、药物滥用、经济问题和婚姻问题等过高的风险。必须开发健康和社会服务资源，以减轻与多胞胎相关的压力，并使父母有能力妥善应对。这里提供了为加利福尼亚州卫生服务部母婴健康处制定的政策、家长教育、专业培训和服务提供指南，供政策制定者和公共卫生规划者参考。
