Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Oct;58 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S308-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02914.x.
Over the past 2 decades, there has been considerable progress in the assessment of function and disability in older persons. Tests of physical performance are now routinely included in longitudinal studies to measure functional limitations, which are considered the building blocks of functioning. In addition, new strategies have been developed to assess the presence and onset of disability and to expand the scope of disability assessments beyond traditional indicators of difficulty and dependence. Contemporary measurement technologies, such as item response theory and computer adaptive testing, show great promise in the assessment of functional status and disability, but prospective studies are needed to demonstrate their true value, particularly to identify the circumstances in which their use will improve the assessment of functional outcomes in older persons. Another high priority for future research is to validate and further refine strategies to more completely and accurately ascertain the occurrence of disability in older persons.
在过去的 20 年中，在评估老年人的功能和残疾方面已经取得了相当大的进展。现在，身体表现测试通常被纳入纵向研究中，以衡量功能限制，这些限制被认为是功能的基础。此外，还开发了新的策略来评估残疾的存在和发生，并将残疾评估的范围扩大到传统的困难和依赖指标之外。当代测量技术，如项目反应理论和计算机自适应测试，在功能状态和残疾评估方面显示出巨大的潜力，但需要前瞻性研究来证明它们的真正价值，特别是确定在哪些情况下使用这些技术将改善对老年人的功能结果的评估。未来研究的另一个高优先级是验证和进一步完善策略，以更完整和准确地确定老年人残疾的发生。
