Agrawal Ganesh Kumar, Bourguignon Jacques, Rolland Norbert, Ephritikhine Geneviève, Ferro Myriam, Jaquinod Michel, Alexiou Konstantinos G, Chardot Thierry, Chakraborty Niranjan, Jolivet Pascale, Doonan John H, Rakwal Randeep
Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), P.O. Box 13265, Sanepa, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Mass Spectrom Rev. 2011 Sep-Oct;30(5):772-853. doi: 10.1002/mas.20301. Epub 2010 Oct 29.
Organelle proteomics describes the study of proteins present in organelle at a particular instance during the whole period of their life cycle in a cell. Organelles are specialized membrane bound structures within a cell that function by interacting with cytosolic and luminal soluble proteins making the protein composition of each organelle dynamic. Depending on organism, the total number of organelles within a cell varies, indicating their evolution with respect to protein number and function. For example, one of the striking differences between plant and animal cells is the plastids in plants. Organelles have their own proteins, and few organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast have their own genome to synthesize proteins for specific function and also require nuclear-encoded proteins. Enormous work has been performed on animal organelle proteomics. However, plant organelle proteomics has seen limited work mainly due to: (i) inter-plant and inter-tissue complexity, (ii) difficulties in isolation of subcellular compartments, and (iii) their enrichment and purity. Despite these concerns, the field of organelle proteomics is growing in plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice and maize. The available data are beginning to help better understand organelles and their distinct and/or overlapping functions in different plant tissues, organs or cell types, and more importantly, how protein components of organelles behave during development and with surrounding environments. Studies on organelles have provided a few good reviews, but none of them are comprehensive. Here, we present a comprehensive review on plant organelle proteomics starting from the significance of organelle in cells, to organelle isolation, to protein identification and to biology and beyond. To put together such a systematic, in-depth review and to translate acquired knowledge in a proper and adequate form, we join minds to provide discussion and viewpoints on the collaborative nature of organelles in cell, their proper function and evolution.
细胞器蛋白质组学描述了在细胞器生命周期的特定阶段，对其在细胞中存在的蛋白质进行的研究。细胞器是细胞内特殊的膜结合结构，通过与胞质和腔内可溶性蛋白质相互作用发挥功能，使得每个细胞器的蛋白质组成具有动态性。根据生物体的不同，细胞内细胞器的总数也有所不同，这表明它们在蛋白质数量和功能方面的进化。例如，植物细胞和动物细胞之间一个显著的区别是植物中的质体。细胞器有其自身的蛋白质，像线粒体和叶绿体这样的少数细胞器有自己的基因组来合成特定功能的蛋白质，同时也需要核编码蛋白质。在动物细胞器蛋白质组学方面已经开展了大量工作。然而，植物细胞器蛋白质组学的研究工作有限，主要原因包括：（i）植物间和组织间的复杂性；（ii）亚细胞区室分离的困难；（iii）它们的富集和纯度。尽管存在这些问题，细胞器蛋白质组学领域在植物中，如拟南芥、水稻和玉米中正在不断发展。现有的数据开始有助于更好地理解细胞器及其在不同植物组织、器官或细胞类型中的独特和/或重叠功能，更重要的是，细胞器的蛋白质成分在发育过程中以及与周围环境相互作用时的行为。关于细胞器的研究已经有一些不错的综述，但都不够全面。在这里，我们对植物细胞器蛋白质组学进行全面综述，从细胞器在细胞中的重要性，到细胞器的分离，再到蛋白质鉴定，以及生物学等方面。为了整理出这样一个系统、深入的综述，并以恰当和充分的形式转化所获得的知识，我们集思广益，就细胞器在细胞中的协作性质、其正常功能和进化提供讨论和观点。
