Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Photochem Photobiol. 2010 Nov-Dec;86(6):1404-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00812.x. Epub 2010 Oct 11.
Optoelectronic personal UV-meters were used to monitor the occupational facial solar erythemally effective exposure of 12 Austrian full-time farmers with high temporal resolution. To ensure high quality measurements several quality assurance procedures were applied, like calibration with respect to solar elevation and total ozone column. From April to October the test persons carried the UV-meters on the forehead during working hours. A digital diary (activity, location, weather, photoprotective measures) was completed on an hourly basis. Our field test produced 1427 complete daily records (measurement and diary). The total exposures showed high variability (77-757 standard erythema dose [SED]) which correlates with the number of working days and even stronger with the little numbers of days with high exposure (>10 SED). Risk factors for high exposures were: mixed-culture farms with aggravated working conditions, low degree of automation of working processes, inadequate operating logistics (summarized as manual work outdoor), driving machines without cabins, and female gender. UV exposure of female farmers was approximately twice as high as that of men: Women received 15% of ambient radiation while men got 8%. Avoiding daily exposure >10 SED could reduce exposure down to 40% and the risk in developing skin cancer by a factor of 40.
使用光电个人紫外线计以高时间分辨率监测 12 名奥地利全职农民的职业面部太阳红斑有效暴露量。为了确保高质量的测量，应用了多项质量保证程序，例如针对太阳仰角和总臭氧柱进行校准。从 4 月到 10 月，测试人员在工作时间将紫外线计戴在前额上。每天每小时完成一份数字日记（活动、地点、天气、防晒措施）。我们的现场测试产生了 1427 份完整的日常记录（测量和日记）。总暴露量显示出高度的可变性（77-757 个标准红斑剂量[SED]），这与工作日数有关，与高暴露天数（>10 SED）的关系甚至更强。高暴露的风险因素包括：混合文化农场，工作条件恶化，工作流程自动化程度低，运营物流不足（概括为户外体力劳动），无驾驶室的机器和女性。女性农民的紫外线暴露量大约是男性的两倍：女性接受了环境辐射的 15%，而男性则接受了 8%。每天避免暴露量>10 SED 可将暴露量降低到 40%，并将患皮肤癌的风险降低 40 倍。
