Center for Pediatrics, Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Allergy. 2011 Mar;66(3):307-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02489.x. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
Innate immunity is a pivotal defence system of higher organisms. Based on a limited number of receptors, it is capable of recognizing pathogens and to initiate immune responses. Major components of these innate immunity pathogen recognition receptors are the toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of 11 in humans. They are all membrane bound and through dimerization and complex downstream signaling, TLRs elicit a variety of specific and profound effects. In recent years, the role of TLRs signaling was not only investigated in infection and inflammation but also in allergy. Fuelled by the hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that allergies develop because of a change in microbial exposure and associated immune signals early in life, it had been speculated that alterations in TLRs signaling could influence allergy development. Thus, TLR genes, genetic variations of these genes, and their association with asthma and other atopic diseases were investigated in recent years. This review provides an overview of TLR genetics in allergic diseases.
先天免疫是高等生物的关键防御系统。基于有限数量的受体，它能够识别病原体并启动免疫反应。这些先天免疫病原体识别受体的主要成分是 Toll 样受体 (TLR)，人类中有 11 种。它们都是膜结合的，通过二聚化和复杂的下游信号转导，TLR 引发各种特异性和深刻的效应。近年来，TLR 信号的作用不仅在感染和炎症中得到了研究，在过敏中也得到了研究。卫生假说认为，过敏是由于生命早期微生物暴露和相关免疫信号的变化而发展起来的，这一假说促使人们推测 TLR 信号的改变可能会影响过敏的发展。因此，近年来，TLR 基因、这些基因的遗传变异及其与哮喘和其他特应性疾病的关系都得到了研究。这篇综述概述了过敏疾病中的 TLR 遗传学。
