University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Evol Dev. 2010 Nov-Dec;12(6):537-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00439.x.
Beliefs regarding the origins of the universe and life differ substantially between groups of people and are often particularly associated with religious worldviews. It is important to understand factors associated with evolution and creationism beliefs and unacceptance of scientific evidence for evolution. An internet-based survey was conducted to elicit information from people who self-identify as Christians, atheists, agnostics and other belief systems, as well as by geographical location and other demographic variables, on acceptance of evolution or creationism, certainty with which each position is believed, and reasons for rejecting the alternative. It was found that almost 60% of Christians believe in creationism and less than 10% believe in natural evolution. Worldwide, these proportions were relatively consistent across all locations except for in Europe. Among European Christians the majority of Christians believe in a form of evolution. It was found that the vast majority (87%) of Christians are 'absolutely certain' about their beliefs, compared with the minority of atheists and agnostics claiming 'absolute certainty'. Generally, reasons Christians did not accept evolution were based not on evidence but on religious doctrine. In contrast, the most common reason for not accepting the existence of a god by atheists who supported evolution was the lack of evidence. Innovative strategies may be required to communicate evolutionary science effectively to non-European Christians.
人们对宇宙和生命起源的看法存在很大差异，这些看法往往与宗教世界观密切相关。了解与进化和创造论信仰相关的因素，以及不接受进化的科学证据，是很重要的。我们进行了一项基于互联网的调查，以了解自称为基督徒、无神论者、不可知论者和其他信仰体系的人，以及地理位置和其他人口统计学变量等因素，对接受进化论或创造论、对每种立场的信念程度，以及拒绝替代立场的原因。结果发现，近 60%的基督徒相信创造论，不到 10%的人相信自然进化。在全球范围内，除了欧洲，所有地区的这些比例相对一致。在欧洲基督徒中，大多数基督徒相信某种形式的进化。结果发现，绝大多数（87%）的基督徒对自己的信仰“绝对肯定”，而无神论者和不可知论者中声称“绝对肯定”的则是少数。一般来说，基督徒不接受进化论的原因不是基于证据，而是基于宗教教义。相比之下，支持进化论的无神论者不接受上帝存在的最常见原因是缺乏证据。可能需要创新策略，才能有效地向非欧洲基督徒传达进化科学。
