Princeton University, Department of Psychology, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States.
Cognition. 2011 Jan;118(1):111-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.09.012. Epub 2010 Oct 30.
Previous research has shown that disfluency--the subjective experience of difficulty associated with cognitive operations - leads to deeper processing. Two studies explore the extent to which this deeper processing engendered by disfluency interventions can lead to improved memory performance. Study 1 found that information in hard-to-read fonts was better remembered than easier to read information in a controlled laboratory setting. Study 2 extended this finding to high school classrooms. The results suggest that superficial changes to learning materials could yield significant improvements in educational outcomes.
先前的研究表明，不流畅——与认知操作相关的主观困难体验——会导致更深层次的加工。两项研究探讨了不流畅干预所引发的这种更深层次的加工在多大程度上可以提高记忆表现。研究 1 发现，在控制实验室环境中，难以阅读的字体所呈现的信息比容易阅读的信息记忆效果更好。研究 2 将这一发现扩展到了高中课堂。研究结果表明，对学习材料进行表面上的改变可能会对教育成果产生显著的改善。
