Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Medicine, Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
Schizophr Bull. 2012 May;38(3):543-51. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbq124. Epub 2010 Nov 1.
We examined perceived consequences/benefits of cigarette smoking and motivation for quitting in nontreatment-seeking smokers who had schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 100) or had no Axis I psychiatric disorder (normals, N = 100).
Participants completed questionnaires and provided a breath carbon monoxide (CO) sample 10-15 minutes after smoking 1 preferred-brand cigarette. Primary assessments included the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult, the Reasons for Quitting Scale, and the Stages of Change.
There were no differences between the schizophrenia and control group in mean age of smoking onset (16.2 ± 5.4 vs 15.6 ± 5.5 y, P = .44), number of cigarettes daily (17.9 ± 11.6 vs 17.0 ± 7.9, P = 0.51), or in breath CO (28.0 ± 14.5 vs 22.9 ± 8.0 ppm, P = .61). Compared with normals, people with schizophrenia report greater stimulation/state enhancement (P < .0001) and social facilitation (P < .004) from smoking. People with schizophrenia had less appreciation of health risks associated with smoking than normal controls (P < .0001) and were less motivated to quit smoking than normal controls (P = .002), even though they were as likely to be in the preparation stage of change. Immediate reinforcement (P = .04) and health concerns (P = .002) were rated lower as motivators for considering quitting smoking in schizophrenia than normals. People with schizophrenia reported greater motivation to stop smoking due to social pressure/rewards than normals (P = .047).
This study underscores the degree to which people with schizophrenia perceive the state-enhancing effects of smoking and their lower appreciation for health risks of smoking compared with normal controls.
我们考察了未接受治疗的精神分裂症或分裂情感障碍吸烟者（N=100）和无任何轴 I 精神障碍者（正常人，N=100）对吸烟的感知后果/益处和戒烟动机。
参与者完成了问卷调查，并在吸完 1 支偏好品牌香烟 10-15 分钟后提供了一份呼气一氧化碳（CO）样本。主要评估包括吸烟后果问卷-成人版、戒烟原因量表和改变阶段。
精神分裂症组和对照组在吸烟起始年龄（16.2±5.4 岁 vs. 15.6±5.5 岁，P=0.44）、每日吸烟量（17.9±11.6 支 vs. 17.0±7.9 支，P=0.51）或呼气 CO（28.0±14.5 ppm vs. 22.9±8.0 ppm，P=0.61）方面均无差异。与正常人相比，精神分裂症患者报告吸烟带来的刺激/状态增强（P<0.0001）和社交促进（P<0.004）更大。精神分裂症患者对与吸烟相关的健康风险的认识不如正常对照组（P<0.0001），戒烟动机也不如正常对照组（P=0.002），尽管他们处于改变阶段的准备阶段。与正常人相比，精神分裂症患者对立即强化（P=0.04）和健康问题（P=0.002）作为考虑戒烟的动机的评价较低。精神分裂症患者报告由于社会压力/奖励而比正常人更有动力戒烟（P=0.047）。
这项研究强调了精神分裂症患者对吸烟状态增强作用的感知程度以及他们对吸烟健康风险的认识程度低于正常对照组。
