Fawcett J, Scheftner W A, Fogg L, Clark D C, Young M A, Hedeker D, Gibbons R
Department of Psychiatry, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612.
Am J Psychiatry. 1990 Sep;147(9):1189-94. doi: 10.1176/ajp.147.9.1189.
The authors studied 954 psychiatric patients with major affective disorders and found that nine clinical features were associated with suicide. Six of these--panic attacks, severe psychic anxiety, diminished concentration, global insomnia, moderate alcohol abuse, and severe loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia)--were associated with suicide within 1 year, and three others--severe hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and history of previous suicide attempts--were associated with suicide occurring after 1 year. These findings draw attention to the importance of 1) standardized prospective data for studies of suicide, 2) assessment of short-term suicide risk factors, and 3) anxiety symptoms as modifiable suicide risk factors within a clinically relevant period.
作者对954名患有重度情感障碍的精神科患者进行了研究，发现有9种临床特征与自杀相关。其中6种——惊恐发作、严重精神焦虑、注意力下降、整体失眠、中度酒精滥用以及严重兴趣或愉悦感丧失（快感缺失）——与1年内的自杀相关，另外3种——严重绝望、自杀意念以及既往自杀未遂史——与1年后发生的自杀相关。这些发现凸显了以下几点的重要性：1）自杀研究的标准化前瞻性数据；2）短期自杀风险因素的评估；3）焦虑症状作为在临床相关时期内可改变的自杀风险因素。
