School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne Vic 3001, Australia.
Water Sci Technol. 2010;62(9):1975-83. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.505.
Membrane fouling in microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) of an activated sludge (AS) effluent was investigated. It was found that the major membrane foulants were polysaccharides, proteins, polysaccharide-like and protein-like materials and humic substances. MF fouling by the raw effluent was governed by pore adsorption of particles smaller than the pores during the first 30 minutes of filtration and then followed the cake filtration model. UF fouling could be described by the cake filtration model throughout the course of filtration. Coagulation with alum and (poly)aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH) altered the MF fouling mechanism to follow the cake filtration model from the beginning of filtration. The MF and UF flux improvement by coagulation was due to the removal of some of the foulants in the raw AS effluent by the coagulants. The MF flux improvement was greater for alum than for ACH whereas the two coagulants performed equally well in UF. Coagulation also reduced hydraulically irreversible fouling on the membranes and this effect was more prominent in MF than in UF. The unified membrane fouling index (UMFI) was used to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of coagulation on membrane flux enhancement.
研究了活性污泥（AS）废水的微滤（MF）和超滤（UF）过程中的膜污染问题。结果表明，主要的膜污染物是多糖、蛋白质、多糖样和蛋白质样物质以及腐殖质。在过滤的最初 30 分钟内，由于孔径小于孔径的颗粒在孔内的吸附，原废水的 MF 污染受孔吸附控制，然后遵循滤饼过滤模型。整个过滤过程中 UF 污染可以用滤饼过滤模型来描述。用明矾和（聚）氯化铝（ACH）混凝改变了 MF 污染机制，使其从过滤开始就遵循滤饼过滤模型。混凝剂去除了原 AS 废水中的一些污染物，从而提高了 MF 和 UF 的通量。明矾对 MF 通量的改善效果大于 ACH，而两种混凝剂在 UF 中的性能相当。混凝还减少了膜上的水力不可逆污染，这种影响在 MF 中比在 UF 中更为明显。统一膜污染指数（UMFI）用于定量评估混凝对膜通量增强的效果。
