Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Laryngoscope. 2011 Jan;121(1):56-9. doi: 10.1002/lary.20768.
Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are benign abnormalities of the lymphatic system that can be significantly infiltrative and intimately involve critical structures of the head and neck, making their management difficult. Historically, LMs have been managed by surgical excision, but this treatment approach results in significant morbidity and a high recurrence rate secondary to subtotal resection. As an alternative to surgery a variety of drugs have been used as intralesional sclerosants and immunotherapeutics. These agents offer improved outcomes with lower morbidity as compared to surgery when targeted to macrocystic LMs. However intralesional therapy is not effective in the treatment of microcystic LMs. The development of treatments that are effective for all types of LMs will require further understanding of lymphangiogenesis and the pathogenesis of LMs.
淋巴管畸形（LMs）是淋巴系统的良性病变，可显著浸润并紧密累及头颈部的关键结构，使其治疗变得困难。历史上，LMs 通过手术切除来治疗，但这种治疗方法会导致显著的发病率和高复发率，因为它只能进行次全切除。作为手术的替代方法，已使用多种药物作为腔内硬化剂和免疫疗法。与手术相比，当这些药物针对巨囊型 LMs 时，它们具有更好的疗效和更低的发病率。然而，腔内治疗对微囊型 LMs 的治疗无效。要开发出对所有类型的 LMs 都有效的治疗方法，就需要进一步了解淋巴管生成和 LMs 的发病机制。
