Department of Clinical and Laboratory Hematology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4SA, UK.
Clin Chest Med. 2010 Dec;31(4):659-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2010.07.004. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
Hypercoagulable states can be inherited or acquired. Inherited hypercoagulable states can be caused by a loss of function of natural anticoagulant pathways or a gain of function in procoagulant pathways. Acquired hypercoagulable risk factors include a prior history of thrombosis, obesity, pregnancy, cancer and its treatment, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and myeloproliferative disorders. Inherited hypercoagulable states combine with acquired risk factors to establish the intrinsic risk of venous thromboembolism for each individual. Venous thromboembolism occurs when the risk exceeds a critical threshold. Often a triggering factor, such as surgery, pregnancy, or estrogen therapy, is required to increase the risk above this critical threshold.
高凝状态可以是遗传性的，也可以是获得性的。遗传性高凝状态可由天然抗凝途径的功能丧失或促凝途径的功能获得引起。获得性高凝危险因素包括既往血栓形成史、肥胖、妊娠、癌症及其治疗、抗磷脂抗体综合征、肝素诱导的血小板减少症和骨髓增生性疾病。遗传性高凝状态与获得性危险因素相结合，为个体建立静脉血栓栓塞的固有风险。当风险超过临界阈值时，就会发生静脉血栓栓塞。通常需要手术、妊娠或雌激素治疗等触发因素来使风险增加超过这个临界阈值。
