Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
Cognition. 2011 Jan;118(1):17-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.09.004. Epub 2010 Nov 2.
A highly familiar type of movement occurs whenever a person walks towards you. In the present study, we investigated whether this type of motion has an effect on face processing. We took a range of different 3D head models and placed them on a single, identical 3D body model. The resulting figures were animated to approach the observer. In a first series of experiments, we used a sequential matching task to investigate how the motion of an approaching person affects immediate responses to faces. We compared observers' responses following approach sequences to their performance with figures walking backwards (receding motion) or remaining still. Observers were significantly faster in responding to a target face that followed an approach sequence, compared to both receding and static primes. In a second series of experiments, we investigated long-term effects of motion using a delayed visual search paradigm. After studying moving or static avatars, observers searched for target faces in static arrays of varying set sizes. Again, observers were faster at responding to faces that had been learned in the context of an approach sequence. Together these results suggest that the context of a moving body influences face processing, and support the hypothesis that our visual system has mechanisms that aid the encoding of behaviourally-relevant and familiar dynamic events.
当一个人向你走来时，一种非常熟悉的运动类型就会发生。在本研究中，我们调查了这种类型的运动是否对面部处理有影响。我们使用了一系列不同的 3D 头部模型，并将它们放置在一个单一的、相同的 3D 身体模型上。生成的图形被动画化为向观察者移动。在一系列实验中，我们使用顺序匹配任务来研究接近人的运动如何影响对人脸的即时反应。我们比较了观察者在接近序列后对目标面孔的反应与他们对后退（后退运动）或静止图形的反应。与后退和静态启动相比，观察者对跟随接近序列的目标面孔的反应明显更快。在第二个实验系列中，我们使用延迟视觉搜索范式研究了运动的长期影响。在研究了移动或静态头像后，观察者在静态的不同集合大小的数组中搜索目标面孔。再次，观察者在接近序列的背景下学习的面孔的反应速度更快。这些结果表明，运动身体的背景会影响面部处理，并支持我们的视觉系统具有有助于对行为相关和熟悉的动态事件进行编码的机制的假设。
