Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Indian Pediatr. 2010 Oct;47(10):829-39. doi: 10.1007/s13312-010-0142-y.
Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem affecting both adults and children. Effective prevention and treatment modalities can be achieved by understanding the pathogenesis of obesity better. This review addresses some of the issues related to the hormones and cytokines taking part in the pathogenesis of obesity, energy balance and inflammation.
We reviewed current literature on this broad subject especially concentrating on the functions of the hormones and cytokines taking part in the pathogenesis of the childhood obesity. Using the key words obesity, children, hormones, cytokines publications and cross references were evaluated from PubMed database between 1957 and 2009.
In children, leptin and ghrelin are two hormones which have major influence on energy balance. Leptin is responsible from long term regulation of energy balance and ghrelin functions as an appetite stimulatory signal. In contrast to ghrelin, obestatin acts as an anorexigenic hormone by suppressing food intake. Adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are the key regulators of inflammation in obesity. Increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels but decreased levels of adiponectin and IL-10 are associated with increased inflammation, tissue injury and complications of obesity.
Development, pathogenesis and complications of childhood obesity consist of complex mechanisms including numerous cytokines and hormones. New treatment modalities depend on understanding these complex mechanisms.
肥胖是一个日益严重的全球性健康问题，影响着成年人和儿童。通过更好地了解肥胖的发病机制，可以实现有效的预防和治疗方法。本综述探讨了一些与参与肥胖发病机制、能量平衡和炎症的激素和细胞因子有关的问题。
我们特别关注参与儿童肥胖发病机制的激素和细胞因子的功能，回顾了这个广泛主题的最新文献。使用关键词肥胖、儿童、激素、细胞因子，评估了 1957 年至 2009 年期间来自 PubMed 数据库的出版物和交叉引用。
在儿童中，瘦素和胃饥饿素是对能量平衡有重大影响的两种激素。瘦素负责长期调节能量平衡，而胃饥饿素则作为食欲刺激信号发挥作用。与胃饥饿素相反，肥胖抑制素作为一种食欲抑制激素，通过抑制食物摄入发挥作用。脂肪组织分泌的脂肪细胞因子是肥胖中炎症的关键调节因子。TNF-α和 IL-6 水平的增加，以及脂联素和 IL-10 水平的降低，与炎症、组织损伤和肥胖并发症的增加有关。
儿童肥胖的发生、发病机制和并发症包括许多细胞因子和激素在内的复杂机制。新的治疗方法取决于对这些复杂机制的理解。
