Barron Andrew B, Søvik Eirik, Cornish Jennifer L
Department of Biology, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2010 Oct 12;4:163. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00163. eCollection 2010.
Motile animals actively seek out and gather resources they find rewarding, and this is an extremely powerful organizer and motivator of animal behavior. Mammalian studies have revealed interconnected neurobiological systems for reward learning, reward assessment, reinforcement and reward-seeking; all involving the biogenic amine dopamine. The neurobiology of reward-seeking behavioral systems is less well understood in invertebrates, but in many diverse invertebrate groups, reward learning and responses to food rewards also involve dopamine. The obvious exceptions are the arthropods in which the chemically related biogenic amine octopamine has a greater effect on reward learning and reinforcement than dopamine. Here we review the functions of these biogenic amines in behavioral responses to rewards in different animal groups, and discuss these findings in an evolutionary context.
能运动的动物会积极寻找并获取它们认为有价值的资源，这是动物行为极为强大的组织者和驱动力。哺乳动物研究揭示了用于奖励学习、奖励评估、强化和寻求奖励的相互关联的神经生物学系统；所有这些都涉及生物胺多巴胺。在无脊椎动物中，对寻求奖励行为系统的神经生物学了解较少，但在许多不同的无脊椎动物群体中，奖励学习和对食物奖励的反应也涉及多巴胺。明显的例外是节肢动物，在这类动物中，化学性质相关的生物胺章鱼胺对奖励学习和强化的影响比多巴胺更大。在此，我们综述了这些生物胺在不同动物群体对奖励的行为反应中的功能，并在进化背景下讨论了这些发现。
