Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2010 Nov;43(11):1019-26. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500115. Epub 2010 Oct 29.
Glucose enters eukaryotic cells via two types of membrane-associated carrier proteins, the Na(+)/glucose cotransporters (SGLT) and the facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT). The SGLT family consists of six members. Among them, the SGLT1 and SGLT2 proteins, encoded by the solute carrier genes SLC5A1 and SLC5A2, respectively, are believed to be the most important ones and have been extensively explored in studies focusing on glucose fluxes under both physiological and pathological conditions. This review considers the regulation of the expression of the SGLT promoted by protein kinases and transcription factors, as well as the alterations determined by diets of different compositions and by pathologies such as diabetes. It also considers congenital defects of sugar metabolism caused by aberrant expression of the SGLT1 in glucose-galactose malabsorption and the SGLT2 in familial renal glycosuria. Finally, it covers some pharmacological compounds that are being currently studied focusing on the interest of controlling glycemia by antagonizing SGLT in renal and intestinal tissues.
葡萄糖通过两种类型的膜相关载体蛋白进入真核细胞，即 Na(+)/葡萄糖共转运蛋白（SGLT）和易化葡萄糖转运蛋白（GLUT）。SGLT 家族由六个成员组成。其中，SGLT1 和 SGLT2 蛋白分别由溶质载体基因 SLC5A1 和 SLC5A2 编码，被认为是最重要的蛋白，并且在研究生理和病理条件下葡萄糖通量时已经得到了广泛的探索。本篇综述考虑了蛋白激酶和转录因子对 SGLT 表达的调节，以及不同组成的饮食和糖尿病等病理变化所决定的改变。它还考虑了由于 SGLT1 在葡萄糖-半乳糖吸收不良和 SGLT2 在家族性肾性糖尿中异常表达而导致的先天性糖代谢缺陷。最后，它涵盖了一些目前正在研究的药理学化合物，这些化合物的研究重点是通过拮抗肾脏和肠道组织中的 SGLT 来控制血糖。
