Department of Psychology, Ohio University, USA.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011 May;36(4):592-5. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.10.004. Epub 2010 Nov 2.
Perseverative cognition (i.e., rumination, worry) may amplify or maintain cortisol stress responses. The present study examined the effects of trait and state perseverative cognition (PC) on the cortisol awakening response (CAR). We hypothesized that trait PC and state (prior day's) PC would be associated with greater CARs. Undergraduates scoring high (N=77) and low (N=42) on trait PC were included. Participants reported worries about upcoming events and ruminations on past events that occurred throughout the day as a measure of state PC. The next morning, saliva samples were collected 0, 30, 45, and 60min after awakening to assess the CAR. Area under the curve (AUC) and 30-min increase (30-min Inc) were calculated to capture the salivary cortisol total output and increase relative to baseline in the hour after awakening. There was no effect of trait PC on the CAR. In contrast, reports of worrying and/or ruminating the night before predicted greater increases in cortisol concentration and total cortisol output compared to those who neither ruminated nor worried the night before. These effects were not accounted for by depressed mood, anxiety, sleep, or recent stressors. Findings suggest differential effects of trait and state PC on the CAR and highlight the importance of using proximal measures in examining individual differences in the CAR.
坚持性认知（即反刍、担忧）可能会放大或维持皮质醇应激反应。本研究考察了特质和状态坚持性认知（PC）对皮质醇觉醒反应（CAR）的影响。我们假设特质 PC 和状态 PC（前一天）与更大的 CAR 相关。高特质 PC（N=77）和低特质 PC（N=42）的大学生被纳入研究。参与者报告了对即将发生的事件的担忧和对过去事件的反刍，作为状态 PC 的衡量标准。第二天早上，在觉醒后 0、30、45 和 60 分钟采集唾液样本，以评估 CAR。计算曲线下面积（AUC）和 30 分钟增量（30-min Inc），以捕捉觉醒后一小时内唾液皮质醇的总输出和相对于基线的增加。特质 PC 对 CAR 没有影响。相比之下，前一天晚上的担忧和/或反刍报告预测了皮质醇浓度和总皮质醇输出的更大增加，而那些前一天晚上既不反刍也不担忧的人则没有。这些影响与抑郁情绪、焦虑、睡眠或近期压力源无关。研究结果表明特质和状态 PC 对 CAR 有不同的影响，并强调了使用近端测量来检查 CAR 个体差异的重要性。
