Flow cytometric parameters of neutrophil function as early indicators of sepsis- or trauma-related pulmonary or cardiovascular organ failure.

Flow cytometric parameters of neutrophil function, such as phagocytosis and degradation of Escherichia coli, intracellular pH value, esterase activity, and cell volume, were evaluated as risk indicators for sepsis- and trauma-related pulmonary and cardiovascular organ failure in intensive care patients. Serial blood samples (n = 201) were obtained from 47 prospectively identified patients. Each patient's condition was classified daily within four categories: post-traumatic (n = 22) or septic (n = 28) organ failure, transition state (n = 119), and stable organ function after recovery (n = 27). Thirty-two parameters of neutrophil function were automatically calculated for each blood sample from several flow cytometric list mode measurements of cell samples vitally stained with acridine orange for intact and denatured DNA or with 1,4-diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene for intracellular pH and esterase activity. The DNA of dead cells was simultaneously counterstained with propidium iodide. The cell biochemical parameter pattern was significantly different among samples of patients from the four clinical categories (p less than 0.05). Hyperergic phagocytosis was observed after trauma, in contrast to hypoergic phagocytosis, increased neutrophil cell volume, and elevated intracellular pH during sepsis. The clinical categories were correctly identified in 82% of the samples by automated classification with the DIAGNOS1/SPSS program system from the flow cytometrically determined cell functions. The course of the disease was correctly predicted 3 days in advance to the clinical manifestation of pulmonary or cardiovascular organ failure in 92% of the samples. The multifunctional analysis of neutrophils by flow cytometry seems of interest for early medical intervention in preseptic and preshock patients.