Verbaten M N
Section Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2010 Sep;3(3):129-38. doi: 10.2174/1874473711003030129.
A quantitative meta-analysis was carried out on the chronic effects of ecstasy use on working memory (WM), assumed to consist of a central executive (CE) and four executive subcomponents: Updating, Attention shifting, Inhibition and Access to long term memory. Publications dating from January 1998 to January 2008 were only included when they fulfilled the criteria for a meta-analysis (number of subjects, means and standard deviations) and when polydrug users were used as controls. In addition, we also determined effect sizes for lifetime consumption differences between the groups of other psycho-active substances than ecstasy. Both Lifetime Total Ecstasy Consumption (LTEC) and the effect sizes for alcohol, nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were regressed on the mean effect sizes (mES) of the WM subcomponents in order to study dose-response relationships. Ecstasy users appeared to score significantly lower on the subcomponents Updating, Attention shifting and Access to long term memory, but not on Inhibition. We did not find significant regressions of LTEC on any of the executive functioning subcomponents mES values. Ecstasy users also consumed significantly more amphetamine, cocaine, alcohol, nicotine and LSD, but less alcohol than polydrug controls. However, also for these drugs no indications were found for a dose-response relationship with executive functioning.
对摇头丸使用对工作记忆（WM）的慢性影响进行了定量荟萃分析，工作记忆被认为由一个中央执行系统（CE）和四个执行子成分组成：更新、注意力转移、抑制和长期记忆提取。仅纳入了1998年1月至2008年1月期间发表的符合荟萃分析标准（受试者数量、均值和标准差）且以多药使用者作为对照的研究。此外，我们还确定了除摇头丸外其他精神活性物质组之间终生消费量差异的效应大小。将终生摇头丸总消费量（LTEC）以及酒精、尼古丁、苯丙胺、可卡因和麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）的效应大小与工作记忆子成分的平均效应大小（mES）进行回归分析，以研究剂量反应关系。摇头丸使用者在更新、注意力转移和长期记忆提取子成分上的得分似乎显著较低，但在抑制子成分上没有显著差异。我们未发现LTEC与任何执行功能子成分的mES值之间存在显著回归关系。摇头丸使用者还比多药对照组显著更多地使用苯丙胺、可卡因、酒精、尼古丁和LSD，但酒精使用量较少。然而，对于这些药物，也未发现与执行功能存在剂量反应关系的迹象。
