Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Jun;221(4):541-50. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2725-x. Epub 2012 May 9.
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the delayed orienting of attention to previously inspected locations in favour of novel locations. Given its implications for visual attention and search, researchers have begun to investigate whether IOR may be impaired by the use of alcohol or illicit substances (e.g. d-amphetamine).
The present paper reviews the existing literature exploring the impact of alcohol and other drugs on IOR through the use of the model spatial cueing task developed by Posner.
Studies were located that investigated IOR paradigm with respect to either (a) acute effects of alcohol or other psychoactive substances and (b) hallucinogenic drug states as models for psychosis. Findings suggest that alcohol, d-amphetamine and some hallucinogens may alter the timecourse of IOR. This review also yields a critical qualitative analysis of the methodology of studies in this field of research and the implications of particular methodological features for interpreting previous findings.
The importance of using multiple stimulus onset asynchronies, employing a cue-back to centre paradigm and distinguishing between acute and chronic substance use are emphasized. Furthermore, questions are raised as to whether findings suggest an impact of psychoactive substances on the subcortical mechanisms that play a critical role in the generation of IOR or are an indirect effect resulting from impairment of the cortical mechanisms responsible for voluntary disengagement of attention. Directions for future research and particular methodological approaches are highlighted.
抑制返回（IOR）是指注意力对先前检查过的位置的延迟定向，有利于新的位置。鉴于其对视觉注意力和搜索的影响，研究人员开始研究酒精或非法物质（例如 d-苯丙胺）的使用是否会损害 IOR。
本文通过使用 Posner 开发的模型空间提示任务，回顾了现有文献中探索酒精和其他药物对 IOR 影响的研究。
发现了一些研究，这些研究调查了 IOR 范式，涉及（a）酒精或其他精神活性物质的急性影响，以及（b）致幻药物状态作为精神分裂症的模型。研究结果表明，酒精、d-苯丙胺和一些致幻剂可能会改变 IOR 的时间进程。本综述还对该研究领域研究方法的关键定性分析以及特定方法特征对解释先前发现的影响进行了评估。
强调了使用多个刺激起始异步、采用提示返回中心范式以及区分急性和慢性物质使用的重要性。此外，人们还提出了这样的问题，即研究结果是否表明精神活性物质对生成 IOR 起关键作用的皮质下机制有影响，或者是否是由于负责注意力自愿脱离的皮质机制受损而产生的间接影响。突出了未来研究的方向和特定的方法方法。
