Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany.
Helicobacter. 2010 Sep;15 Suppl 1:21-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00777.x.
Helicobacter pylori represents the major etiologic agent of gastritis, gastric, and duodenal ulcer disease and can cause gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphoma. It is clear that the consequences of infection reflect diverse outcomes of the interaction of bacteria and host immune system. The hope is that by deciphering the deterministic rules--if any--of this interplay, we will eventually be able to predict, treat, and ultimately prevent disease. Over the past year, research on the immunology of this infection started to probe the role of small noncoding RNAs, a novel class of immune response regulators. Furthermore, we learned new details on how infection is detected by innate pattern recognition receptors. Induction of effective cell-mediated immunity will be key for the development of a vaccine, and new work published analyzed the relevance and contribution of CD4 T helper cell subsets to the immune reaction. Th17 cells, which are also induced during natural infection, were shown to be particularly important for vaccination. Cost-efficiency of vaccination was re-assessed and confirmed. Thus, induction and shaping of the effector roles of such protective Th populations will be a target of the newly described vaccine antigens, formulations, and modes of application that we also review here.
幽门螺杆菌是胃炎、胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡疾病的主要病因，可导致胃癌和黏膜相关淋巴组织 B 细胞淋巴瘤。很明显，感染的后果反映了细菌和宿主免疫系统相互作用的不同结果。人们希望通过破译这种相互作用的确定性规则（如果有的话），最终能够预测、治疗并最终预防疾病。在过去的一年中，针对这种感染的免疫学研究开始探索小非编码 RNA 的作用，这是一类新的免疫反应调节剂。此外，我们还了解到有关先天模式识别受体如何检测感染的新细节。诱导有效的细胞介导免疫将是疫苗开发的关键，新发表的研究分析了 CD4 T 辅助细胞亚群对免疫反应的相关性和贡献。在自然感染过程中也会诱导产生 Th17 细胞，它们对疫苗接种尤为重要。疫苗接种的成本效益也进行了重新评估和确认。因此，诱导和塑造这些保护性 Th 细胞群体的效应功能将是新描述的疫苗抗原、配方和应用模式的目标，我们也在此进行了综述。
