Bian Xiao-yan, Yao Guo-ying, Squires Jane, Wei Mei, Chen Ching-I, Fang Bing-hua
Shanghai Children's Health Care Institute, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Jul;48(7):492-6.
To introduce the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) to China, we created ASQ-Chinese (ASQ-C) and carried out studies of its norm and the psychometrical properties in Shanghai children aged 3-66 months in collaboration with the author of the ASQ with the permissions from the publisher.
The 19 ASQ intervals were translated into Chinese, to make the ASQ-C culturally relevant, and back translated into English. The project used a stratified cluster sampling method and recruited children aged 3 - 66 months with respect to demographic characteristics that were representative of Shanghai census data, and excluded the children whose mother tongue was not Chinese and/or diagnosed with disabilities by the authoritative hospitals in Shanghai. Parents/caregivers of the 8472 children either independently completed the age-appropriate ASQ-Cs or completed with help from the researchers for the normative samples. Among them, professionals completed the age-appropriate ASQ-C again for 519 children within six days after the parents/caregivers completed the ASQ-C for inter-rater reliability. In terms of test-retest reliability, 651 parents completed another age-appropriate questionnaires within a 10- to 23-day interval. For concurrent validity, BSIDII were administered with 255 children from 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30-month ASQ-C age intervals. The cutoffs of the ASQ-C and the BSIDII were all set at the two standard deviations below the means. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 13.0.
The ASQ-Cs were independently completed by 85.25% of the parents/caregivers; the percentage of gender, family income and region of residence were similar to the Shanghai population census conducted in the recent years. Two standard deviations below the means were used as the cutoff scores of the ASQ-Cs across the age intervals. In terms of internal consistency of the ASQ-C, Cronbach standardized alpha was 0.77. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the ASQ-C total scores of the two testers was 0.84 (P < 0.0001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the ASQ-C total scores of the two tests was 0.82 (P < 0.0001). The percentage of the agreement between the ASQ-C and the BSID II was 84.31%, the sensitivity of ASQ-C was 85.00%, and the specificity of ASQ-C was 84.26%.
It is practicable that the ASQ-C can be completed by the parents/caregivers of Shanghai children. ASQ-C has solid psychometric properties and is worthy of further research and introduction to China.
为将年龄与发育阶段问卷（ASQ）引入中国，我们创建了中文版ASQ（ASQ-C），并在获得出版商许可后，与ASQ的作者合作，对上海3至66个月大的儿童进行了常模和心理测量学特性研究。
将19个ASQ区间翻译成中文，使ASQ-C具有文化相关性，然后再回译成英文。该项目采用分层整群抽样方法，根据代表上海人口普查数据的人口统计学特征招募3至66个月大的儿童，并排除母语非中文和/或被上海权威医院诊断为残疾的儿童。8472名儿童的父母/照料者要么独立完成适合其年龄的ASQ-C，要么在研究人员的帮助下完成，以获取常模样本。其中，专业人员在父母/照料者完成ASQ-C后的6天内，再次对519名儿童完成适合其年龄的ASQ-C，以评估评分者间信度。在重测信度方面，651名父母在10至23天的间隔内完成了另一份适合其年龄的问卷。对于同时效度，对来自6、12、18、24和30个月ASQ-C年龄区间的255名儿童进行了贝利婴幼儿发展量表第二版（BSIDII）测试。ASQ-C和BSIDII的临界值均设定为低于均值两个标准差。使用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。
85.25%的父母/照料者独立完成了ASQ-C；性别、家庭收入和居住地区的百分比与近年来上海人口普查结果相似。以低于均值两个标准差作为各年龄区间ASQ-C的临界分数。在ASQ-C的内部一致性方面，Cronbach标准化α系数为0.77。两位测试者的ASQ-C总分之间的Pearson相关系数为0.84（P < 0.0001）。两次测试的ASQ-C总分之间的Pearson相关系数为0.82（P < 0.0001）。ASQ-C与BSID II的一致性百分比为84.31%，ASQ-C的敏感性为85.00%，特异性为84.26%。
上海儿童的父母/照料者能够完成ASQ-C，这是可行的。ASQ-C具有可靠的心理测量学特性，值得进一步研究并引入中国。
