Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 419, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2011 Feb 1;506(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.10.022. Epub 2010 Nov 3.
Peroxisomes are single membrane-bounded subcellular organelles with an essentially oxidative type of metabolism and are probably the major sites of intracellular H(2)O(2) production. These organelles also generate superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)) and besides catalase they have a complex battery of antioxidative enzymes. In recent years the existence of l-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the generation of the reactive nitrogen species (RNS) nitric oxide (NO) have been demonstrated in plant peroxisomes. The inter-cellular and intracellular NO carrier S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) can be generated inside peroxisomes and the presence of this RNS has been demonstrated in peroxisomes from several plant species. This review analyzes the available evidence concerning the properties of the NOS activity and the generation of the RNS messengers NO and GSNO in peroxisomes in the context of the cellular function of these organelles as a source of RNS signaling molecules. The important physiological functions displayed by NO and other RNS in intra- and inter-cellular communication in different organisms indicate that more attention should be payed to the RNS signaling function of peroxisomes in human, animal and fungal cells, where it is very likely that similar mechanisms to those found in plant peroxisomes are also operative.
过氧化物酶体是具有本质上氧化代谢类型的单层膜结合的亚细胞细胞器，可能是细胞内 H₂O₂产生的主要部位。这些细胞器还产生超氧自由基（O₂(-)），除了过氧化氢酶外，它们还有一系列复杂的抗氧化酶。近年来，已在植物过氧化物酶体中证明了 l-精氨酸依赖性一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性的存在和活性氮物种（RNS）一氧化氮（NO）的产生。细胞间和细胞内的 NO 载体 S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO）可以在过氧化物酶体内部生成，并且已经在几种植物物种的过氧化物酶体中证明了这种 RNS 的存在。本文综述了有关过氧化物酶体中 NOS 活性的特性以及 RNS 信使 NO 和 GSNO 的产生的现有证据，这些证据与这些细胞器作为 RNS 信号分子的细胞功能有关。NO 和其他 RNS 在不同生物体的细胞内和细胞间通讯中显示出重要的生理功能，这表明应该更加关注过氧化物酶体在人类、动物和真菌细胞中的 RNS 信号功能，在这些细胞中，很可能也存在与植物过氧化物酶体中发现的类似机制。
