Khan Murtaza, Al Azzawi Tiba Nazar Ibrahim, Ali Sajid, Yun Byung-Wook, Mun Bong-Gyu
Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
Plants (Basel). 2023 May 26;12(11):2121. doi: 10.3390/plants12112121.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, diatomic, gaseous, free radicle, lipophilic, diffusible, and highly reactive molecule with unique properties that make it a crucial signaling molecule with important physiological, biochemical, and molecular implications for plants under normal and stressful conditions. NO regulates plant growth and developmental processes, such as seed germination, root growth, shoot development, and flowering. It is also a signaling molecule in various plant growth processes, such as cell elongation, differentiation, and proliferation. NO also regulates the expression of genes encoding hormones and signaling molecules associated with plant development. Abiotic stresses induce NO production in plants, which can regulate various biological processes, such as stomatal closure, antioxidant defense, ion homeostasis, and the induction of stress-responsive genes. Moreover, NO can activate plant defense response mechanisms, such as the production of pathogenesis-related proteins, phytohormones, and metabolites against biotic and oxidative stressors. NO can also directly inhibit pathogen growth by damaging their DNA and proteins. Overall, NO exhibits diverse regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and defense responses through complex molecular mechanisms that still require further studies. Understanding NO's role in plant biology is essential for developing strategies for improved plant growth and stress tolerance in agriculture and environmental management.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种小分子、双原子、气态的自由基，具有亲脂性、可扩散且反应性高的特性，这些独特性质使其成为一种关键的信号分子，在正常和胁迫条件下对植物具有重要的生理、生化和分子影响。NO调节植物的生长和发育过程，如种子萌发、根系生长、地上部发育和开花。它也是各种植物生长过程中的信号分子，如细胞伸长、分化和增殖。NO还调节与植物发育相关的激素和信号分子编码基因的表达。非生物胁迫诱导植物产生NO，NO可调节各种生物学过程，如气孔关闭、抗氧化防御、离子稳态以及胁迫响应基因的诱导。此外，NO可激活植物防御反应机制，如产生病程相关蛋白、植物激素和针对生物和氧化应激源的代谢产物。NO还可通过破坏病原体的DNA和蛋白质直接抑制其生长。总体而言，NO通过复杂的分子机制在植物生长、发育和防御反应中发挥多种调节作用，这些机制仍需进一步研究。了解NO在植物生物学中的作用对于制定提高农业和环境管理中植物生长及胁迫耐受性的策略至关重要。
